This study investigated the crossroad between community livelihoods and mangroves conservation interventions in the Rufiji delta of eastern, Tanzania. One hundred and twenty heads of households were selected to provide information by filling closed ended questionnaires. This was supplemented with key informants interviews through Focus Group Discussions. Quantitative data collected were analysed through descriptive statistics IBM SPSS version 20. Qualitative data were analysed using content method. The main research findings indicate that: (1) for mangrove conservation strategies to increase vegetation cover in the Rufiji delta result show that in intervention villages 85% of respondents agrees in increase in vegetation cover while in control village 65% of respondents agree (2) about monthly earning per month result show that for the intervention villages show a mean of 184666.67Tsh and standard deviation of 59816.19Tsh. and in the control village show a mean value of 159166.67Tsh and standard deviation of 47162.29Tsh. The results implies that implementation of mangrove forest management strategies improve income of the local community with increase in vegetation cover. The study recommends that fish farming, ecotourism and awareness about cooperation in farming activities be emphasized to address poverty, mangrove degradation and conflict resolution among resource users. Finally the study recommend social science research should be conducted in terrestrial forest about contribution of various interventions to the livelihoods of the local community

Keywords : Biodiversity, Mangrove, Livelihood, Kibiti.