Authors :
Eknaran Paudel; Bijaya Babu Adhikari
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 12 - December
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/5n8mmkep
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/vux9zafr
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576675
Abstract :
Autonomy is a broad concept that is
challenging to measure. It can be defined as a person’s
capacity to behave autonomously and independently of
desires, in conformity with objective morality (Bhandari,
Kutty, & Ravindran, 2016). In the context of Nepal,
there is a low level of autonomy among the women whose
educational level and husband’s educational status is
low. The main objective of this study was to examine
women's autonomy and its associated factors in
Annapurna rural municipality. This cross-sectional
analytical study was conducted among 360 Married
Women aged 15-49 in Annapurna Rural Municipality of
Kaski District, Nepal. Multistage Random sampling
technique was used to select appropriate samples. Face
to face interview with the respondents was done.
Women’s autonomy was assessed by using standard
tools. Tools was adopted in English language and
translated into simple and clear Nepali language and was
back translated into English. The collected data was
entered in EPI-DATA version 3.2 which was exported to
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22)
for analysis. Informed consent was taken from the
respondents both in verbal and written form. Finally, the
result of the study was disseminated in an appropriate
setting. Out of total 360 respondents, 53.3% (192) have a
high level of autonomy, whereas 46.7% (168) have a low
level of autonomy. This study shows that more
percentage of women were autonomous. Women’s
employment was found to be associated with women’s
autonomy (P value= 0.008, i.e., P<0.05), whereas there
was not any significant association with other variables.
Keywords :
Women’s Autonomy, Autonomy, Household Decision Making and Women.
References :
- Adhikari, R. (2016). Effect of Women's autonomy on maternal health service utilization in Nepal: a cross sectional study. BMC Womens Health, 16, 26. doi: 10.1186/s12905-016-0305-7
- Adhikari, R., & Sawangdee, Y. (2011). Influence of women's autonomy on infant mortality in Nepal. Reprod Health, 8, 7. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-8-7
- Armstrong, E. (2020). Marxist and socialist feminisms. Companion to Feminist Studies, 35-52.
- Asabu, M. D., & Altaseb, D. K. (2021). The trends of women's autonomy in health care decision making and associated factors in Ethiopia: evidence from 2005, 2011 and 2016 DHS data. BMC Womens Health, 21(1), 371. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01517-9
- Baehr, A. R. (2007). Liberal feminism. FEMINIST INTERPRETATIONS Of john rawls, 150.
- Bhandari, T. R., Dangal, G., Sarma, P. S., & Kutty, V. R. (2014). Construction and Validation of a Women's Autonomy Measurement Scale with Reference to Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services in Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc, 52(195), 925-934.
- Bhandari, T. R., Kutty, V. R., & Ravindran, T. K. (2016). Women's Autonomy and Its Correlates in Western Nepal: A Demographic Study. PLoS One, 11(1), e0147473. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147473
- Bloom, S. S., Wypij, D., & Das Gupta, M. (2001). Dimensions of women's autonomy and the influence on maternal health care utilization in a north Indian city. Demography, 38(1), 67-78. doi: 10.1353/dem.2001.0001
- Budu, E., Seidu, A. A., Armah-Ansah, E. K., Sambah, F., Baatiema, L., & Ahinkorah, B. O. (2020). Women's autonomy in healthcare decision-making and healthcare seeking behaviour for childhood illness in Ghana: Analysis of data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS One, 15(11), e0241488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241488
- Carlson, G. J., Kordas, K., & Murray-Kolb, L. E. (2015). Associations between women's autonomy and child nutritional status: a review of the literature. Matern Child Nutr, 11(4), 452-482. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12113
- Dev, A., Bell, J., Simkhada, P., Van Teijlingen, E., & Regmi, P. (2010). Women's autonomy in household decision-making: A demographic study in Nepal. Reproductive health, 7, 15. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-7-15
- Gunasekaran, S. (2010). Women's autonomy and reproductive behaviour: Gyan Publishing House.
- Kebede, A. A., Cherkos, E. A., Taye, E. B., Eriku, G. A., Taye, B. T., & Chanie, W. F. (2021). Married women's decision-making autonomy in the household and maternal and neonatal healthcare utilization and associated factors in Debretabor, northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One, 16(9), e0255021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255021
- Leal Filho, W., Kovaleva, M., Tsani, S., Țîrcă, D.-M., Shiel, C., Dinis, M. A. P., . . . Tripathi, S. (2022). Promoting gender equality across the sustainable development goals. Environment, Development and Sustainability. doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02656-1
- Poudel, S., Adhikari, C., Yadav, R. K., Yadav, D. K., Thapa, D. K., & Jakovljevic, M. (2022). Disempowered Mothers Have Undernourished Children: How Strong Is the Intrinsic Agency? Front Public Health, 10, 817717. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.817717
- Smits, J., & Steendijk, R. (2015). The international wealth index (IWI). Social Indicators Research, 122(1), 65-85.
- Sougou, N. M., Bassoum, O., Faye, A., & Leye, M. M. M. (2020). Women's autonomy in health decision-making and its effect on access to family planning services in Senegal in 2017: a propensity score analysis. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 872. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09003-x
- Stoljar, N. (2013). Feminist perspectives on autonomy.
- Thapa, D. B. (2003). Gender disparity in Nepal. Unpublished Dissertation, TU, Kirtpur.
- Thapa, D. K., & Niehof, A. (2013). Women's autonomy and husbands' involvement in maternal health care in Nepal. Soc Sci Med, 93, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.003
- UNICEF. (2015). Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
- Zegeye, B., Idriss-Wheeler, D., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ameyaw, E. K., Seidu, A. A., Adjei, N. K., & Yaya, S. (2023). Association between women's household decision-making autonomy and health insurance enrollment in sub-saharan Africa. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 610. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15434-z
Autonomy is a broad concept that is
challenging to measure. It can be defined as a person’s
capacity to behave autonomously and independently of
desires, in conformity with objective morality (Bhandari,
Kutty, & Ravindran, 2016). In the context of Nepal,
there is a low level of autonomy among the women whose
educational level and husband’s educational status is
low. The main objective of this study was to examine
women's autonomy and its associated factors in
Annapurna rural municipality. This cross-sectional
analytical study was conducted among 360 Married
Women aged 15-49 in Annapurna Rural Municipality of
Kaski District, Nepal. Multistage Random sampling
technique was used to select appropriate samples. Face
to face interview with the respondents was done.
Women’s autonomy was assessed by using standard
tools. Tools was adopted in English language and
translated into simple and clear Nepali language and was
back translated into English. The collected data was
entered in EPI-DATA version 3.2 which was exported to
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22)
for analysis. Informed consent was taken from the
respondents both in verbal and written form. Finally, the
result of the study was disseminated in an appropriate
setting. Out of total 360 respondents, 53.3% (192) have a
high level of autonomy, whereas 46.7% (168) have a low
level of autonomy. This study shows that more
percentage of women were autonomous. Women’s
employment was found to be associated with women’s
autonomy (P value= 0.008, i.e., P<0.05), whereas there
was not any significant association with other variables.
Keywords :
Women’s Autonomy, Autonomy, Household Decision Making and Women.