Rwanda’s agriculture sector is undergoing a great change from subsistence towards modern commercial agriculture. The adoption of modern agricultural technologies is an indispensable strategy for Rwanda to reach a sustainable economy by boosting agricultural productivity and obviously cutting off food shortage. In this context, the current review aimed at providing the updates about the mostly adopted modern agricultural technologies and their impacts in the improvement of agricultural productivity in Rwanda. The combination of working strategies like ICT in agriculture (ICT4Ag) Strategy; policies such as Crop intensification program (CIP) implementation, and modern agricultural technologies: plant biotechnology mainly micro propagation through modern tissue culture; in vitro production of free-diseases and free-virus crops; microbial biotechnology; drones technology in precision agriculture; IoT ( Iinternets of Things ); Unmanned aerial System (UAS); Smartphones and mobiles phones; greenhouse, and along with Modern irrigation like water pumping systems, as well as agricultural mechanization have brought an important contributions to the agricultural activities in Rwanda: cutting off environmental obstructions, a tremendous mass production of crops resistant to environmental harsh conditions; propagation of shelf life crops, short-time and accessible crops over the time. Furthermore, agricultural mechanization is considered as a robust approach to boost agricultural production and relenting human workloads. However, adoption of modern agricultural technologies in Rwanda is relatively low; owned by a limited number of smallholder farmers, and still confront with the challenges related to climate change, insufficient of knowledge on the utilization of modern technologies and unaffordability. To ensure a sustainable food production and socio-economic development, and sustainable adoption of these technologies, it requires a serious discourse not only the government concerned, but all stakeholders’ contributions as well.

Keywords : Modern Irrigation; Agricultural Mechanization; Crop Intensification Program (CIP); Green Revolution; Modern Biotechnoloyg; Precision Agriculture.