Authors :
Maureen Kanchebele-Sinyangwe; Musonda Astrida; Mudende Kasonde; Mpolomoka L. Daniel; Amalorpavanden Daniel Nicholas; Cecilia Kasonde
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/43fxb9yb
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/57242d2z
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May545
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
This qualitative research focussed on the use of written wrong answers to enhance mathematics student
teachers’ knowledge and skills development for learning and teaching. Descriptive research design, grounded in the
interpretivist paradigm, was adopted. All the sixty-seven (67) third year mathematics student teachers in 2024/2025
academic year were purposively selected to participate in the study. They wrote a quiz on Matrices as part their
Mathematics methods course content coverage. Fifty-one (51) scripts displayed correct working and answer while sixteen
(16) did not. The 16 scripts were purposively selected for analysis. The main findings, that emerged from the reflective
journals and in-depth group discussions show emerged that the analysis of wrong answers contributed to the student
teachers’ ability to (a) not only notice, but also interpret their peers’ Mathematical thinking; (b)deepen their reflection not
only about the wrong answers, but also about their own knowledge of the topic (c) focus on their ability to communicate
and address wrong answers and; (d)coherently and logically present mathematical ideas orally and in writing. These
competencies are critical for their future effectiveness in teaching within the competence-based curriculum. The study
concludes that incorrect responses can be productively reframed as opportunities for knowledge and skills development in
mathematics teacher education. It is therefore recommended that teacher preparation programmes systematically
integrate error-analysis tasks into Mathematics Methods courses. Such analysis of incorrect responses and their
underlying reasoning should be recognised as a core pedagogical strategy for fostering professional knowledge and skills
development.
Keywords :
Mathematics Student Teachers, Wrong Answers, Knowledge and Skills Development.
References :
- Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining 21st century skills. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills (pp. 17-66). Springer.
- Borasi, R. (1996). Reconceiving Mathematics Instruction: A Focus on Errors. Ablex Publishing.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
- Degirmenci, S. (2022). Examination of Prospective Science Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Terms of Their Approaches to Error: An Example of Content Knowledge about Electric Circuits. Shanlax Internationryal Journal of Education, 10(4), 63-87
- Dieterich, S., Rumann, S., & Rodemer, M. (2025). Conditions for Effective Learning from Erroneous Examples: A Systematic Review. Educational Psychology Review, 37(4), 94.
- Durkaya, M., Aksu, Z., Öçal, M. F., Şenel, E. Ö., Konyalıoğlu, A. C., Hızarcı, S., & Kaplan, A. (2011). Secondary school mathematics teachers’ approaches to students’ possible mistakes. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2569-2573.
- Hassan, M. (2024). Descriptive Research – Types, Methods and Example, Research Method
- Herholdt, R., & Sapire, I. (2014). An error analysis in the early grades mathematics-A learning opportunity? South African Journal of Childhood Education, 4(1), 43-60.
- Kilic, H. (2010). The nature of preservice mathematics teachers’ knowledge of students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1096-1100.
- Kontrová, L., Biba, V., & Šusteková, D. (2022). Teaching and exploring mathematics through the analysis of student’s errors in solving mathematical problems. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 11(1), 89-98.
- Lin, Y. F., Fu-Yu Yang, E., Wu, J. S., Yeh, C. Y., Liao, C. Y., & Chan, T. W. (2025). Enhancing students' authentic mathematical problem-solving skills and confidence through error analysis of GPT-4 solutions. Research & Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 20.
- Ministry of Education (2023). Zambia Education Curriculum Framework. Lusaka: Curriculum Development Centre
- Mpolomoka, D. L. (2024). Research Ethics in Post-Graduate Education: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Education and Practice, 15(13), 26-33 https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP/15-13-02
- Sapire, I., Shalem, Y., Wilson-Thompson, B., & Paulsen, R. (2016). Engaging with learners' errors when teaching mathematics. Pythagoras, 37(1), 1-11.
- Paulovics, Z., & Csapodi, C. (2025). Towards understanding the error analysis thinking of prospective mathematics teachers. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 20(4), em0848.
- Peng, A., & Luo, Z. (2009). A framework for examining mathematics teacher knowledge as used in error analysis. For the learning of mathematics, 29(3), 22-25.
- Pervin, N., and Mokhtas, M. (2022). The Interpretivist Research Paradigm: A Subjective Notion of a Social Context. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(2), 419 - 428
- Safadi, R., & Hawa, N. (2024). Learning from erroneous examples in the mathematics classroom: Do students with different naïve ideas benefit equally? Instructional Science, 52(2), 277–308.
- Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14.
- Singh, S. (2023). What is Descriptive Research? Definition, Methods, Types and Examples
- Swan, M. (2001). Dealing with misconceptions in mathematics. In Issues in Mathematics Teaching (pp. 147-165). Routledge.
- Van Driel, J. H., Verloop, N., & De Vos, W. (1998). Developing science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 35(6), 673-695.
- Vosniadou, S. & Verschaffel, L. (2004). Extending the conceptual change approach to mathematics learning and teaching. In: L. Verschaffel, & S. Vosniadou (Guest Eds), The conceptual change approach to mathematics learning and teaching, Special Issue of Learning and Instruction, 14, 445–451.
This qualitative research focussed on the use of written wrong answers to enhance mathematics student
teachers’ knowledge and skills development for learning and teaching. Descriptive research design, grounded in the
interpretivist paradigm, was adopted. All the sixty-seven (67) third year mathematics student teachers in 2024/2025
academic year were purposively selected to participate in the study. They wrote a quiz on Matrices as part their
Mathematics methods course content coverage. Fifty-one (51) scripts displayed correct working and answer while sixteen
(16) did not. The 16 scripts were purposively selected for analysis. The main findings, that emerged from the reflective
journals and in-depth group discussions show emerged that the analysis of wrong answers contributed to the student
teachers’ ability to (a) not only notice, but also interpret their peers’ Mathematical thinking; (b)deepen their reflection not
only about the wrong answers, but also about their own knowledge of the topic (c) focus on their ability to communicate
and address wrong answers and; (d)coherently and logically present mathematical ideas orally and in writing. These
competencies are critical for their future effectiveness in teaching within the competence-based curriculum. The study
concludes that incorrect responses can be productively reframed as opportunities for knowledge and skills development in
mathematics teacher education. It is therefore recommended that teacher preparation programmes systematically
integrate error-analysis tasks into Mathematics Methods courses. Such analysis of incorrect responses and their
underlying reasoning should be recognised as a core pedagogical strategy for fostering professional knowledge and skills
development.
Keywords :
Mathematics Student Teachers, Wrong Answers, Knowledge and Skills Development.