Authors : Jayarathne S. D. Y.; Wijethunga W. T. D.; Fernando M. J. R. S.; Dassanayake D. M. P. P.

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/ebknmun5

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/96367pz7

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar1373

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Abstract : Adolescence is a critical stage of human development characterized by significant psychological, social, and emotional changes that often expose individuals to a range of psychosocial challenges. This study examines the role of school counseling services in addressing psychosocial problems among adolescents in rural and urban school contexts in Sri Lanka, adopting a sociological perspective. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from a sample of 70 students (Grades 9–12) selected through simple random sampling from two purposively chosen schools in the Galle District one rural and one urban. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages. The findings reveal that adolescents experience a wide range of psychosocial problems influenced by family background, economic conditions, school environment, peer relationships, and academic pressures. Family-related factors, such as parental absence, limited emotional support, and household conflicts, were found to significantly contribute to students’ psychological distress. Economic hardship, particularly among rural students, further intensified these challenges, although psychosocial problems were also observed among urban students from higher-income families, indicating the multidimensional nature of adolescent vulnerability. Academic stress, especially examination anxiety and fear of failure, emerged as one of the most prominent issues across both contexts. Peer relationships played a dual role by providing emotional support while also exposing students to risks such as substance use and sexual influences. Physical symptoms such as headaches and sleep disturbances were also reported, highlighting the link between psychological stress and physical well-being. School-related factors, including disciplinary practices and teacher–student relationships, contributed to students’ dissatisfaction and discomfort within the learning environment. The study further reveals that school counseling services play a significant role in supporting adolescents, with a majority of students reporting positive outcomes such as improved academic performance and emotional well-being. However, the effectiveness of these services is constrained by limitations such as lack of privacy, insufficient resources, limited professional training, and low awareness among students. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening school counseling services through improved infrastructure, professional development, increased awareness, and enhanced parental and institutional support. Overall, the study highlights the importance of a holistic and multi-level approach in addressing adolescents’ psychosocial challenges within the Sri Lankan education system.

Keywords : School Counseling Services, Psychosocial Problems, Adolescents, Rural and Urban Schools, Sri Lanka.

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