Authors : Thobias Jeremiah Ongito; Malonja Yona Magaluda

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yjwjksjn

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26may2204

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Abstract : This study intended to explore the social and cultural factors affecting self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Temeke Municipality, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study was informed by the Health Belief Model. We utilised a qualitative exploratory study design. We included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending clinics and 10 healthcare providers who were sampled conventionally and purposively, respectively. Data collection involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions through interview guides. The study found that gender-based roles, cultural realities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, stigma, dietary practices, level of education, personal attitude, religious beliefs and use of traditional medicines, and lack of family support were significant social and cultural factors affecting self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We recommend that health education and counselling adopt a context-sensitive approach that considers family dynamics, cultural and religious beliefs, gender roles, social norms, and structural limitations rather than assuming uniform adoption of recommended practices. Interventions should engage families, tailor advice to culturally meaningful foods, reduce community stigma, and empower patients to sustain effective self-management despite social and cultural barriers.

Keywords : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Self-Management, Social and Cultural Factors, Self-Care.

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