The study aims to examine the relationship between population uniformity, political competition, and citizen participation with the Human Development Index (HDI). The political competition and citizen participation of both national and district-level elections as a political dimension, population uniformity as a social dimension and average per capita district expenditure as an economic dimension has been used as predictor variables to explain HDI. Three ecological belts, i.e., Mountain, Hill and Terai, and seven Provinces have been generated as dummy variables. The average per capita district expenditure and population uniformity was found to be statistically significant at 99 percent to predict HDI. Still, there was a negative relationship between population uniformity and HDI. The competition index of the first past the post and proportional election of the Constituent Assembly (CA) was not found to be significant to explain HDI. There is the highest contribution of Province One to HDI among the seven Provinces

Keywords : Human Development Index (HDI), Citizen Participation, Political Competition, Ethnic Uniformity, and Government Expenditure.