Authors : A. Dauda; A. Nurudeen; A. Mahmoud; H. M. Adamu

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4fjdye27

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/36m92wc5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May1291

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Abstract : Transition metal phthalocyanine complexes have attracted significant scientific interest due to their remarkable thermal stability, electronic properties, catalytic activity, and wide-ranging industrial applications. In this study, transition metal phthalocyanine complexes of cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, and iron were synthesized and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The complexes were synthesized through template condensation reactions involving phthalic anhydride, urea, and corresponding metal salts under controlled heating conditions. The synthesized complexes were obtained as stable colored powders with high decomposition temperatures, indicating substantial thermal stability. FTIR characterization revealed the successful formation of metal phthalocyanine macrocycles through the appearance of characteristic absorption bands associated with C=N stretching vibrations, aromatic C=C vibrations, and metal–nitrogen coordination bonds. The observed shifts in vibrational frequencies compared with precursor materials confirmed coordination between the transition metal ions and the nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine ring. The spectral data further demonstrated structural similarities among the synthesized complexes with slight variations attributable to the different central metal ions. The synthesized cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, and iron phthalocyanine complexes exhibited strong absorption bands within the expected fingerprint regions for metallophthalocyanines. The study confirms the successful synthesis of transition metal phthalocyanine complexes and establishes FTIR spectroscopy as an effective technique for structural elucidation of the complexes. These compounds possess significant potential for applications in catalysis, electronics, photodynamic therapy, gas sensing, and energy storage systems.

Keywords : Phthalocyanine, Transition metals, FTIR Spectroscopy, Metallophthalocyanines, Coordination Compounds, Macrocyclic Complexes.

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