Authors : Abhijit Nikam; Ramprasad P. Mandade; Govind V. More

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 12 - December

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/j7jrurwp

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2m9bzvb2

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10394875

Abstract : Urolithiasis, a nutritional ailment impacting household carnivores, was subject to an exhaustive analysis of past and contemporary literature. The focus encompassed insights into anatomical prevalence, urine formation physiology, mineral composition, clinical manifestations, laboratory observations, dissolution strategies, surgical interventions, and preventive measures against urolithiasis. Attaining a profound understanding of the intricate and diverse aspects of urolithiasis stands as a remarkable milestone in advancing treatment and disease management. However, completely eliminating the ailment poses a formidable challenge, necessitating a comprehensive overhaul of all contributing factors to urolith formation. Dogs predominantly submitted uroliths containing calcium oxalate and struvite, with calcium phosphate and silicate following closely. The prevalence of CaOx-containing and struvite-containing uroliths experienced a noteworthy increase, demonstrating a significant nonlinear escalation in calcium phosphate and silicate. Predispositions based on age, breed, and gender mirrored previous identifications. To confirm the diagnosis, abdominal radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, as well as blood and serum analyses were conducted, ultimately confirming the case as urolithiasis. According to the findings of this investigation, the authors determined that peritoneal dialysis, despite a notable complication frequency, emerged as a successful method for alleviating azotemia in dogs experiencing both acute and chronic renal failure. In hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy, blood traverses straw-like semipermeable membranes immersed in a dialysate. In contrast, peritoneal dialysis utilizes the peritoneum as a membrane for the exchange of fluids and uremic solutes. Here, dialysate is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, initiating a process where water, toxins, electrolytes, and other diminutive molecules equilibrate through diffusion and osmosis. Subsequently, the dialysate, now laden with uremic toxins and water, is extracted and discarded. This cyclic procedure is consistently reiterated as necessary to achieve effective uremia control.

Keywords : Dog, Urolithiasis, Uroliths, Retrograde Hydropropilsion, USG, Radiology.