Authors : Ruksar Sultana; Dr. Gireesh V. Achalkar

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4c4x3zcv

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/5d4zmdf7

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul968

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Background: Blood and blood components are indispensable therapeutic resources that play a vital role in modern healthcare. Owing to their limited shelf life and the increasing demand for transfusion therapy, efficient utilization of these resources is essential. Nevertheless, a proportion of collected blood units is discarded due to preventable and unavoidable factors, resulting in unnecessary wastage and financial burden on healthcare institutions. Identifying the underlying causes of blood component discard is crucial for strengthening inventory management, improving quality assurance practices, and promoting optimal utilization of donated blood.  Aim: To evaluate the discard rates of whole blood and blood components and to determine the major factors responsible for their discard in the blood centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital.  Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Blood Centre, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Tumakuru, Karnataka, over a one-year period from July 2023 to June 2024. Information was collected from donor records, blood component preparation registers, discard registers, transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) registers, and master registers. Blood components were prepared in accordance with National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines. Screening for TTIs was performed using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). The collected data were compiled using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using descriptive statistics, with results expressed as frequencies and percentages.

Keywords : Blood Components; Blood Discard; Packed Red Blood Cells; Fresh Frozen Plasma; Platelet Concentrate; Blood Centre; Transfusion Medicine; Transfusion-Transmitted Infections; Inventory Management; Quality Indicators.

References :

1. An Action Plan for Blood Safety. National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India ; 2007. http://naco.gov.in
2. Kurup R, Anderson A, Boston C, et al. a study on blood product usage and wastage at the public hospital, Guyana. BMC Res Notes 2016;9:307.
3. Kanani AN, Vachhani JH, Dholakiya SK, Upadhyay SB. Analysis on discarded of blood and its product with suggested possible strategies to reduce its occurrence in a blood bank of tertiary care hospital in Waetern India Glob J Transfus Med. 2017;2:130-6.
4. Thakare MM, Dixit JV, Goel NK: Reasons for discarding blood from blood bank of government medical college, Aurangabad,Asian J Transfus Sci. 2011, 5:59-60.
5. Zmijiewski CM, Walter EH, Blood banking Science, New York: Appleton Century Croft;1982.
6. Blood transfusion safety. http://www.who.int/bloodsafety/en/Blood_Transfusion_Safety.pdf. Accessed on June 16.2015.
7. World Health Organization. Quality System for Blood Safety: Introductory Module Guidelines and Practices. Geneva: WHO;2002. P. 65-75.
8. Newman B. Blood donor suitability and donation complications. Handbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine. 2006. P.27-35.
9. Saran RK. Transfusion Medicine Technical Manual. 2^nd edition. Drugs Controller General, India. Directorate General of Health Services, Govt of India.2003.
10. Sharma N, Kaushik S, Kumar R, Azad Z, Acharya S, Kudesia S. causes of wastage of blood and blood components: a retrospective analysis, IOSR-JDMS 2004;13(12):59-61.
11. Patil SB, Vadavadgi AP, Patil BK, Deshmukh SV,. Analysis of causes of discarding blood and its components in a blood bank: A cross sectional study. Perspectives in Medical Research in Medical Research 2021:9(2):6-9.
12. Basu D, Kulkarni R. Overview of blood components and their preparation. Indian J Anaesth. 2014;58:529-37.
13. Kelly S-L, Reed MJ, Innes CJ, Manson L. A review of blood component usage in a large UK emergency department after implementation of simple measures. Emerg Med J. 2013 ;30:842-5
14. Bashir F, Khalid A, Iqbal S, Ghafoor T, Ahmed M. Exploring the Causes of Wastage of Blood and Its Components in a Tertiary Care Hospital Blood Bank. Cureus. 2021 Dec 18;13(12).
15. Bobde V, Parate S, Kumbhalkar D. Analysis of discard of whole blood and blood components in government hospital blood bank in central India. J Evid Based Med Healthc2015;2:1215-9.
16. Clark JA, Ayoub MM. Blood and component wastage report. A quality assurance functions of the hospital transfusion committee. Transfusion.1989;29:139-142.
17. Hardwick J. Blood processing: Introduction to blood transfusion technology. ISBT Sci Ser 2008;3:148‑76.
18. Mollison P. Historical review. The introduction of citrate as an antico­agulant for transfusion and of glucose as a red cell preservative. Br J Haematol. 2000;108:13–18.
19. Åkerblom O, Kreuger A. Studies on citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) blood supplemented with adenine. Vox Sang. 1975;29:90–100.
20. Vogel P. Current problems in blood transfusion. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1954;30:657–674.
21. James JD. Editorial. Bacterial contamination of preserved blood. Vox Sang. 1959;4:177–185.
22. Borden CW, Hall WH. Fatal transfusion reactions from massive bacte­rial contamination of blood. N Engl J Med. 1951;245:760–765.
23. Walter CW. Invention and development of the blood bag. Vox Sang. 1984;47:318–324.
24. Simon TL, Snyder EL, Solheim BG, Stowell CP, Strauss RG, Petrides M. editors. Rossi’s Principles of Transfusion Medicine. 4th ed. West Sussex, UK: AABB Press‑Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2009.
25. Hans R., Marwaha N. Nucleic acid testing-benefits and constraints.Asian Journal of Transfusion Science. 2014;8(1):2–3. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.126679. 
26. Prugger C, Laperche S, Murphy EL, et al. Screening for transfusion transmissible infections using rapid diagnostic tests in Africa: a potential hazard to blood safety? Vox Sang 2016;110:196-8.
27. Pruett CR, Vermeulen M, Zacharias P, et al. The use of rapid diagnostic tests for transfusion infectious screening in Africa: a literature review. Transfus Med Rev 2015;29:35-44.
28. Standard Operating Procedures & Regulating Guidelines- Blood Banking. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publications (P) Ltd. 2014. p; 291-293.
29. National AIDS Control Organization. Standards for blood banks and blood transfusion services . New Delhi, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2007.
30. World Health Organization. Quality systems for blood safety: Introductory module guidelines & principles for safe blood transfusion practice. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. P.65-75.
31. Kora. SA, Kulkarni K. Blood wastage in a blood bankin an analysis of donor rural Karnataka J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5:1393-6.
32. Suresh B, Sreedhar Babu KV, Arun R, Chandramouli P, Jothibhai DS. Reasons for discarding whole blood and its components in a tertiary care teaching hospital blood bank in South India. J Clin Sci Res. 2015:4:213-9.
33. Ghaflez MB. Omeir KH, Far JM, Saki N, Maatoghi TJ, Naderpour M. Study of rate and causes of blood components dioscard among Ahwaz’s hospital. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2014;11:197-206.
34. Singh P et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2024 May;12(5):1566-1570.