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Study and Analysis of Ancient Sassanid Coins by Using XRF Method


Authors : Abdullah Muslim; Ziaulhaq Naimzai; Abdul Fatah Pathman

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/rce47uya

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3dm7bf2y

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun1956

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Numismatics always provide researchers with useful and accurate information about the production methods, economic conditions and industrial developments in the field of coinage. The study of the performance of the mints producing these coins is in fact an examination of these characteristics from a different perspectivesSo this study was conducted at Hamadan University in Iran to study the type and amount of metals in coins. variuous chemical and physical aspects of Sassanid coins. For this reason, 40 Sassanid coins from the reign of Qubad 1 were selected from the Museum of the Tomb of Bu Ali Sina. XRF method was used for analysis of different aspects of coins. Physical and chemical laboratory analyses showed that the coins of almost the same sizes were minted during the reign of Qubad 1. The use of the same texts and symbols indicates that the coins were minted according to a specific pattern.

Keywords : Numismatics, Qubad, Sasanian, XRF.

References :

  1. Wasiq, M, (1387) Dinar Currency in the Monetary History of Iran, Tabriz, Sotoudeh.
  2. Sahraian, A., (1383) "Quantitative Analysis Measurement by XRD Method Using TEFA System and AXIL Computer Code", Master's Thesis in Physics, Amir Kabir University of Technology
  3. Averzamani, F, (1369) "A Study of Sassanid Coins". Foruhar Monthly. Tehran: Foruhar Publishing Organization (322).
  4. Sarfaraz, A, Akbar and Averzamani, F. (1383) "Coins of Iran from the Beginning to the Zand Period", Tehran, Samt Publishing, 3rd edition.
  5. Caley, E. 1955. Chemical composition of Parthian coins, numismatic notes and monogram.  American Numismatic Society, 129.
  6. Gordus, A.A. (1972) The purity of Sasanian silver coins and introduction. Journal  of the   American Oriental Society  92, 2: 280-283.
  7. Masjedi Khak, P., Khazaei Kouhpar, M., Hagivalie, M., Khademi, F.( 2013) Elemental  analyses on Ilkhanid Period coins By PIXE: a case study on King  Ghazan silver   coins  Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry  13(2): 83-  88.
  8. Neyestani, J. ,Salehi, A., Mousavi, S.M., Hagivalie, M. , Hejabri Noubari, A.R.(  2014) Politico-   economic conditions of Ilkhanid coins from different mint  houses by PIXE. Sociology and  Anthropology 2(2): 29-34.
  9. Oliaiy, P., Shokouhi, F., Lamehi -Rachti M., Rahighi, J., Andami, P., Dilmaghani,  J. Etezadi, M. (1999). Application of PIXE to study ancient Iranian silver coins.   International Journal of  PIXE  9 (3 & 4): 495-500.
  10. Khademi N, F et al.,( 1390) “Identification of the metal resources of silver extraction for minting Parthian coins in the province of Greater Media using the PIXE method,” Archaeological Studies, pp. 79-88.
  11. Sodaei, B., Masjedi Khak, P., Khazaie, M.( 2013b). A study of Sasanian silve   coins employing   the XRF technique. Interdisciplinaria archaeological Natural  Sciences in Archaeology 4 (2): 211-215.
  12. Sodaei, B., Hajivaliei, M., Khademi Nadooshan, F. (2013c).  Possible sources for extraction of silver by comparison of Parthian and Sasanian coins in Mede Satraps. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 13 (1): 161-170.
  13. Golestani Fard, F., Behrevar, M. and Salahi, A., (1383) "Methods of Identification and Analysis of Materials", University of Science and Technology Press
  14. Bickerman, B., Richard Nelson Fry, David Selwood, David Marshall Long, Nina Garsoyan, Clifford Edmund Bosworth and Gabon, (1983), History of Iran Cambridge (Volume 3): From the Seleucids to the Sasanians Ehsan Yarshater and others, Cambridge.
  15. Khademi Nadushan, Farhang (1377) "A Review of the Mints of Eastern Iran", Lecturer in Humanities, pp. 187-192.
  16. Kristiansen, Arthur (1383) "Iran in the Sasanian Period", translated by the late Rashid Yasemi, Tehran, 9th edition.
  17. Girshman, Roman (1383) "Iran from the Beginning to Islam", translated by Mohammad Moein, Tehran, Scientific and Cultural Publications, 15th edition.
  18. Bayani, Malekzadeh (1389) "The History of Coins from the Earliest Times to the Sasanian Period", Tehran, Tehran University Press, Volumes 1 and 2,Eighth Edition.

Numismatics always provide researchers with useful and accurate information about the production methods, economic conditions and industrial developments in the field of coinage. The study of the performance of the mints producing these coins is in fact an examination of these characteristics from a different perspectivesSo this study was conducted at Hamadan University in Iran to study the type and amount of metals in coins. variuous chemical and physical aspects of Sassanid coins. For this reason, 40 Sassanid coins from the reign of Qubad 1 were selected from the Museum of the Tomb of Bu Ali Sina. XRF method was used for analysis of different aspects of coins. Physical and chemical laboratory analyses showed that the coins of almost the same sizes were minted during the reign of Qubad 1. The use of the same texts and symbols indicates that the coins were minted according to a specific pattern.

Keywords : Numismatics, Qubad, Sasanian, XRF.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - July - 2026

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