Authors : Sisir Chettri; Yuvaraj Luitel; Monika Rai; Chinlop Lepcha; Jehiel Targain

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yjrfvur8

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/hsx2dtmt

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May1418

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This paper presents the design and implementation of an efficient speed control system for a DC motor using a MOSFET-based chopper. Traditional rheostatic methods suffer from significant power loss as heat, reducing overall efficiency to below 50%. To overcome this limitation, the proposed system employs Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique at a fixed switching frequency of 5 kHz. A power MOSFET (IRFZ44N) acts as a high-speed electronic switch, turning the motor supply on and off rapidly. By varying the duty cycle of the switching signal from 0% to 100%, the average voltage applied across the motor is proportionally controlled, thereby regulating its speed linearly. An Arduino microcontroller generates the PWM signal based on analog input from a potentiometer, allowing real-time speed adjustment. A freewheeling diode (1N4007) is connected in parallel with the motor to suppress voltage spikes caused by inductive kickback during the OFF period. This protection mechanism prevents damage to the MOSFET and ensures circuit reliability. The chopper-based method achieves high efficiency exceeding 85%, with minimal power dissipation in the switching element since the MOSFET operates either fully ON or fully OFF. Experimental results demonstrate smooth, ripple-free speed control from zero to rated RPM under various load conditions. The system also exhibits fast dynamic response and good torque regulation. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed chopper drive is cost-effective, compact, and reliable. This solution is well-suited for industrial automation, electric vehicles, robotics, and conveyor belt systems.

References :

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4. Texas Instruments, "Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Using Arduino," Application Note, 2018.