Authors : Noorjahan Haque; Md. Didar Chowdhury

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October

---

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3cwkhuvf

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1132

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

---

Abstract : This study explored how school climate relates to classroom engagement among secondary school students. It examined environmental conditions that may encourage participation, barriers that may limit it, and students’ views of teacher attitudes and classroom practices. A mixed-method approach combined responses from 24 students and five guardians with interviews from five teachers.

Keywords : School Climate, Classroom Engagement, Secondary School Students, Teacher–Student Relationship, Student Participation, Classroom Environment.

References :

1. Castro, C., Barata, M. C., Alexandre, J., & Santos, R. (2026). Placing social and emotional support at the centre of school climate: A scoping review of measures for middle and secondary schools. Educational Psychology Review, 38, Article 90.
2. Emslander, V., Holzberger, D., Ofstad, S. B., Fischbach, A., & Scherer, R. (2025). Teacher-student relationships and student outcomes: A systematic second-order meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 151(3), 365–397.
3. Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109.
4. Gonzálvez, C., Bacon, V., & Kearney, C. A. (2023). Systematic and evaluative review of school climate instruments for students, teachers, and parents. Psychology in the Schools, 60, 1781–1836.
5. Kutsyuruba, B., Klinger, D. A., & Hussain, A. (2015). Relationships among school climate, school safety, and student achievement and well-being: A review of the literature. Review of Education, 3(2), 103–135.
6. Shao, Y., Feng, Y., Zhao, X., Liu, G., & Zhang, L. (2025). Teacher support and secondary school students’ learning engagement: A moderated mediation model. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 2974.
7. Wang, M. T., & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 28(2), 315–352.
8. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2012). International standard classification of education: ISCED 2011. UNESCO Institute for Statistics.