⚠ Official Notice: www.ijisrt.com is the official website of the International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) Journal for research paper submission and publication. Please beware of fake or duplicate websites using the IJISRT name.



Risk Assessment of Flood Receptacle Zones in University of Uyo Annex and Environs, Uyo, Nigeria


Authors : Mchi Akaawase Alexander; Odigwe Moses

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2s5cccxj

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/5bcvy49p

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26may2051

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Flooding is the most common natural disasters worldwide which cannot be completely eradicated but mitigates through flood management measures. The study aimed at carrying out risk assessment of flood receptacle zones of University of Uyo Annex and environs, Uyo with a view to suggesting remedial actions to mitigate through flood management measures. The study employed the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, direct observation and measurement methods to generate flood hazard map of University of Uyo Annex and environs. ArcGIS 10.1 software and Golden Surfer 25.0 software were used to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM), contours and overland flow analysis that produced the direction of water flow, and unveil stagnate water points which contribute to flood hazards in the area. 340 random spatial locations were selected during the 2025 flash flood event to identify flood risk zones in University of Uyo Annex and environs. From the results of the study, flood prone hazard areas in University of Uyo Annex and environs were identified. Flood management measure such as structural mitigation consisting of underground drainage channel construction was recommended to evacuate flood waters to Iba Oku River. The study further recommends creation of flood control zone in Uyo metropolis.

Keywords : Flood Receptacle Zones, Flood Risk, Geographic Information Systems, Flood Control Zone, Infrastructure.

References :

  1. Abua, M. A., Eni, D. I., Iwara, A. I., Igelle, E. I., Egbai, O. E., Ashua, S. W., Bassey, J. B., Uquetan, U. I., Owolum, S., Iwuaanyawu, I. O. & Akpoduad, C. O. (2023). Influence of Rainfall Variability on Groundwater Recharge in Northern Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18, 11, 3585-3590
  2. Baywood, C. N., Alabi, B., Ejike, P. & Iwuoha, V. C. (2024). GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis for Mapping Flood-Prone Areas in Oguta L.G.A, Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management, 6(11), 377-390 https://doi.org/10.35629/5252-0611377390
  3. Brendan, M. P., Umoh, J. I., Benjamin, G. E. (2024). Assessment of The Impacts of Flood on The Socio-Economic Activities in Atan Offot and Its Adjoining Communities, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State-Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Education Research. 2(1), 1-7.
  4. Brutsaert, W. (2005). Hydrology: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 605p.  https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808470
  5. Cirella, G. T. & Iyalomhe, F. O. (2018). Flooding Conceptual Review: Sustainability-Focalized Best Practices in Nigeria, Journal of Applied Science, 8(1558), 1 – 14
  6. Dano, U. L., Balogun, A.-L., Matori, A.-N., Wan Yusouf, K., Abubakar, I. R., Said Mohamed, M. A., Aina, Y. A., & Pradhan, B. (2019). Flood susceptibility mapping using GIS-based analytic network process: A case study of Perlis, Malaysia. Water, 11(3), 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030615
  7. Duquessne, A. & Carozza, J., (2024). How exceptional was the 2023-2024 flood sequence in the Charente River (Aquitania, South West France)? A geohistorical perspective on clustered floods. GeoHazards, 6(1),8,2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards6010003
  8. Dipu, S. U. A. & Snigdhya, N. S. (2024). Integrating climate change adaptation into flood risk management: Global perspectives, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 11(9), 216 – 223. https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2024.1109021
  9. Egor, A. O., Osang, J. E., Uquetan, U. I., Emeruwa, C., & Agbor, M. E. (2015). Inter-annual variability of rainfall in some states of Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(10), 134 – 154 https://core.ac.uk/downlod/pdf/234662974.pdf
  10. Essien, E. E., Unigwe-Idoko, O. C. & Nwabueze I. O. (2018). Flood Risk Assessment in Uyo Urban, Nigeria Using Geospatial Tools. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 603 – 609.
  11. Faiz, M. & Hussain, N. (2024). Enhancing urban climate resilience through integrated flood management strategies, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383879314
  12. Klaus, H. J. (2015) Sea level rise, storm risk, denial, and the future of coastal cities. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 71(5), 1 – 11, https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340215599777
  13. Ituen, U. J., Johnson, I & Nyah, N. (2014). Flood hazard assessment and decisions support using geographic information system: a case study of Uyo capital city, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Geography and Geology, 3(4), 56-67 https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.10/2014.3.4/10.4.56.67
  14. Munyai, R. B., Chikoore, H., Musyoki, A., Chakwizira, J., Muofhe, T. P., Xulu, N. G. & Manyanya, T. C. (2021). Vulnerability and adaptation to flood hazards in rural settlements of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Water, 13(24), 1 – 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243490
  15. Nura, U. & Alison, G., (2023).   Flooding in Nigeria: A review of its occurrence and impacts and approaches to modelling flood data, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 80(3), 540 – 561. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2022.2081471
  16. Odiana, S., Mbee, D.M. & Akpoghomeh, O.S. (2022). An overview of flood disaster management in Nigeria. African Scientist, 23 (1), 19-28. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sylvester Odiana/publication/361393680_An_ Overview_of_Flood_Disaster_Management_in_Nigeria/links/62adcbb323f3283e3af1164d/An-Overview-of-Flood-Disaster-Management-in-Nigeria.pdf
  17. Ogban, P. I. and U. E. Utin (2015). Effect of land use on infiltration characteristics of sandstone-derived soils in Akwa Ibom State, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research, 7, 141-149
  18. Oladipo, M. O. (2023). Preview of causes, frequency, extent, magnitude and intensity of flooding in Nigeria. International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management, 9(2), 52-60 https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg 52.60
  19. Onifade, V. A., Yoade, A. O. & Husseni, M. A. (2023). Effects of flooding on urban lives and properties in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of InfrastructureResearch and Management, 2(2), 46-62. https;//iukl.edu.my/rmc/publications/ijirm/
  20. Raman, R. & Salein, M. (2013). Flood risks and reduction approaches in Bangladesh. In: Saw, R., Mallick, F., Islam, A. (eds) Disaster risk reduction approaches in Bangladesh. Disaster risk reduction. Springer, Tokyo. pp. 65-90. https://doi.or.10.1007/978-4-431-54252-0_4
  21. Shabu, T. & Tyonum, T. E. (2013). "Residents coping measures in flood prone areas of Makurdi Town, Benue State." Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 1(6), 120-125. https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-1-6-4
  22. Tabari, H. (2020). Climate change impact on flood and extreme precipitation increases with water availability, Scientific Reports, 10,13768. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70816-2
  23. Tate, E., Rahman, A., Emrich, C. T. & Sampson, C. C. (2021). Flood exposure and social vulnerability in the United States, Natural Hazards, 106, 435–457 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04470-2
  24. Wang, L., Cui, S., Li, Y., Huang, H., Manandhar, B., Nitivattananon, V., Fang, X. & Huang, W. (2022). A review of the flood management: from flood control to flood resilience. Heliyon, Heliyon 8, e11763, 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11763
  25. Wilby, R. L & Keena R. (2012). Adapting to flood risk under climate change, Progress in Geography, 36(3), 348-378 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133312438908
  26. Yi, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Zhu, Y., Cui, F., Wu, K. & Xie, F. (2023). Spring flood and their major influential factors in the upper reaches of Jinsha River Basin during 2001-2020. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 45, 101318. https://doi.or/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101318
  27. Li, Z., Xu, W., Huang, K., Yang, Y., Li, L. & Si, J. (2025). Runoff contribution of spring snowmelt in the source region of the Yangtze River and its variation characteristics, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 58, 102295. https://doi.or/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102295

Flooding is the most common natural disasters worldwide which cannot be completely eradicated but mitigates through flood management measures. The study aimed at carrying out risk assessment of flood receptacle zones of University of Uyo Annex and environs, Uyo with a view to suggesting remedial actions to mitigate through flood management measures. The study employed the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, direct observation and measurement methods to generate flood hazard map of University of Uyo Annex and environs. ArcGIS 10.1 software and Golden Surfer 25.0 software were used to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM), contours and overland flow analysis that produced the direction of water flow, and unveil stagnate water points which contribute to flood hazards in the area. 340 random spatial locations were selected during the 2025 flash flood event to identify flood risk zones in University of Uyo Annex and environs. From the results of the study, flood prone hazard areas in University of Uyo Annex and environs were identified. Flood management measure such as structural mitigation consisting of underground drainage channel construction was recommended to evacuate flood waters to Iba Oku River. The study further recommends creation of flood control zone in Uyo metropolis.

Keywords : Flood Receptacle Zones, Flood Risk, Geographic Information Systems, Flood Control Zone, Infrastructure.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - July - 2026

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER CALL FOR PAPERS
Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe