Authors :
Aashutosh Ghimire; Kajol Kiran Adhikari; Basanta Sharma Paudel ; Sangam Shah
Volume/Issue :
Volume 6 - 2021, Issue 7 - July
Google Scholar :
http://bitly.ws/9nMw
Scribd :
https://bit.ly/37njnfv
Abstract :
Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection
that makes breathing painful. It is one of the leading
killers in the world, the largest victim being south asian
countries. Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of
pathogens and the detection of these pathogens takes a
long time. The empirical therapy is given until the
pathogen is detected but die to the absence of a standard
guideline, the empirical therapy given in the treatment is
not uniform and hence it is associated with high mortality.
The purpose of the study is to review the aetiology of
Pneumonia and the drugs effective in Pneumonia in Asian
countries so as to facilitate the formulation of a local
treatment guideline.
Result: The leading pathogens in the asian countries are
found to be S pneumoniae, S aureus, M pneumoniae and H
influenzae. P aeriginosa and S aureus were associated with
higher mortality rates. The drugs used were mostly Beta
lactams, Quinolones and Macrolides, either monotherapy
or a combination therapy. Many cases of Macrolide
resistance were seen.
Discussion and Conclusion: The use of macrolides were not
associated to significant improvement in mortality rates,
and since the macrolides were found to be highly resistant,
they are not preferred for empirical therapy. Beta lactams
particularly third generation cephalosporins are found to
be highly used in the present context. Beta lactams or
Quinolones monotherapy or a combination therapy can be
effective for Community acquired Pneumonia.
Keywords :
Community Acquired Pneumonia, CAP, Empirical Therapy, Treatment Guidelines, S Pneumoniae, S Aureus
Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection
that makes breathing painful. It is one of the leading
killers in the world, the largest victim being south asian
countries. Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of
pathogens and the detection of these pathogens takes a
long time. The empirical therapy is given until the
pathogen is detected but die to the absence of a standard
guideline, the empirical therapy given in the treatment is
not uniform and hence it is associated with high mortality.
The purpose of the study is to review the aetiology of
Pneumonia and the drugs effective in Pneumonia in Asian
countries so as to facilitate the formulation of a local
treatment guideline.
Result: The leading pathogens in the asian countries are
found to be S pneumoniae, S aureus, M pneumoniae and H
influenzae. P aeriginosa and S aureus were associated with
higher mortality rates. The drugs used were mostly Beta
lactams, Quinolones and Macrolides, either monotherapy
or a combination therapy. Many cases of Macrolide
resistance were seen.
Discussion and Conclusion: The use of macrolides were not
associated to significant improvement in mortality rates,
and since the macrolides were found to be highly resistant,
they are not preferred for empirical therapy. Beta lactams
particularly third generation cephalosporins are found to
be highly used in the present context. Beta lactams or
Quinolones monotherapy or a combination therapy can be
effective for Community acquired Pneumonia.
Keywords :
Community Acquired Pneumonia, CAP, Empirical Therapy, Treatment Guidelines, S Pneumoniae, S Aureus
