Authors : Biswa Bhusan Sarangi; Omm Bhusan Sarangi; Seyam Sundar; Mohammed Mundhir; Maha Jayan Chandrakumar

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October

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Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/38tvkxzv

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1180

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

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Abstract : Stem-cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs) have emerged as powerful experimental systems for investigating how mammalian embryos acquire cellular identity, establish spatial organization and undergo coordinated morphogenesis. This review traces the development of SCBEMs from embryoid bodies and gastruloids to ETS, ETX and ETiX/EiTiX models, highlighting how the progressive incorporation and engineering of embryonic and extraembryonic lineages has improved the reconstruction of early developmental events.

Keywords : Stem Cell-Based Embryo Models; Mammalian Embryogenesis; Trophectoderm Specification; CDX2 Signalling; Morphogenetic Self-Organization; Developmental Engineering.

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