Authors : Aman Kumar Durga Prasad

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4rbcwewj

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3epy2m49

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul272

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Liver disease remains a major public health challenge worldwide. It not only significantly drives up populationwide morbidity and mortality rates, but also continuously increases the financial burden on global healthcare systems. Early detection is a core, necessary measure to prevent the disease from progressing to advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional liver function tests, the basic diagnostic tools currently used in clinical practice, have clear shortcomings in sensitivity and specificity for identifying early-stage liver disease, which has created demand for the development of new biomarkers. In recent years, multiple categories of candidate biomarkers have emerged in the field, including circulating microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and cell-free DNA. Technologies such as multi-omics, AI prediction models, innovative biosensors, and point-of-care diagnostic platforms are continuously empowering early diagnosis. Existing validation data confirms that integrated biomarker sets have higher diagnostic accuracy than single biomarkers. This review will critically assess recent progress in these early diagnostic biomarkers, organize their clinical significance, diagnostic performance, limitations, and future prospects, discuss challenges related to their clinical translation, and outline how technologies such as precision medicine can advance the early diagnosis and management of liver disease.

Keywords : Hepatic Disorders; Liver Biomarkers; Clinical Biochemistry; MicroRNA; Exosomes; Cell-free DNA; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Liver Fibrosis.

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