Authors : Arnab Sen; Debasish Mandal; Tanoy Dewanjee

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5es3e2zn

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/z456xz4t

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov1417

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Abstract : This investigation employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyze the complex turbulent characteristics resulting from a high-speed jet transversely injected into a fully developed pipe flow. This flow configuration, known as Jet-in- Cross-Flow (JICF), holds significant importance across various aerospace systems, including thrust vector control, advanced mixing in propulsion systems, and thermal management in gas turbines. A Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, specifically the standard $k-\epsilon$ closure, was implemented using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 software to simulate the flow of incompressible water in a 1-meter diameter pipe with a 5-centimeter injection nozzle.1 The study systematically varied the jet and pipe inlet velocities to generate a range of momentum flux ratios, allowing for the quantitative analysis of localized velocity profiles, turbulent kinetic energy ($k$), turbulent intensity ($I$), and turbulent dissipation rate ($\epsilon$). The results demonstrate that increasing the momentum flux ratio leads to pronounced flow deflection, the formation of large recirculation zones, and a subsequent significant increase in both $k$ and $I$ due to intense shear layer generation. Conversely, the analysis of $\epsilon$ profiles suggests limitations within the standard $k-\epsilon$ model’s closure coefficients when modeling anisotropic turbulence and localized dissipation phenomena inherent to JICF. The findings provide critical insights into the dynamic interplay between momentum injection and turbulence generation in confined geometries, offering foundational data for initial design phases of relevant aerospace components.

Keywords : Computational Fluid Dynamics, Jet-in-Cross-Flow, Turbulent Kinetic Energy, Pipe Flow, RANS Modeling, Aerospace Mixing.1

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