Authors : Dr. Lakshmi C; Sushma R; Vijay Kumar K.J.

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3mv6wdvy

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8133518

Abstract : The Municipal waste water treatment plants to be built in developing countries are expensive and their maintenance cost is high. The cost of treatment has to be low to refine the waste water. The waste water treatment plants require huge area and also the advanced equipment including human labor in handling of the same. In both advanced and developing nations, at least centralized waste water treatment plant will not always fulfil to meet the requirement for the continuous future demands that has to be sustainable. The domestic demand for water could be reduced by building Decentralized system that treat sullage for the reuse of the water to gardening purpose as the minimum usage. These smaller unit’s help in reducing the Biochemical Oxygen Demand of water and chemical Demand of water hence the load on the main treatment plant can be decreased. Individual treatment plants will not have the difficulty in disposing of the sludge which pose a challenge when the waste water is chemically treated. The waste water treatment plants producing higher amount of sludge is challenge to disposing of environment, transportation, finances and space for storing. The methods available for the treatment of waste water are mechanical, physical and chemical methods. The treatment of wastewater, sludge reduction and stabilization also includes ultrasonic, thermal and ozone pre-treatment. The capital requirement and the operational cost and some drawback suffer. However, the technical challenges to operate with skilled and unskilled labour also suffers in effective functioning. Bio engineering technologies based on these raw materials are promoting, regulating, improving and enhancing their self by including the technologies that does not require energy and waste will not be produced. Such units are built easily, maintained and operated with less difficulties. Low or no-energy requiring zero-waste technologies, easy to construct, operate and maintain. The organics are utilized by these technologies with increased activity in conversion to energy, also helps in the exceling conversion of complex organics to simple matter. The organics that otherwise will create problems of foul smell, insect breeding and will not be utilized for other purposes. The reduction of the bio solids could be achieved well in this technology rather than others.