Authors :
Onur Yıldırım
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 2 - February
Google Scholar :
http://tinyurl.com/4t3dmczj
Scribd :
http://tinyurl.com/5dku87sn
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10648635
Abstract :
A form of distortion known as passive
intermodulation (PIM), which is becoming more and
more of an issue in the telecommunications industry,
affects the delicate receiving signals in cellular networks.
The system' s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be
significantly limited by passive intermodulation (PIM)
interference when the performance of other radio
frequency (RF) components is correctly designed. To
reduce interference and improve network capacity in
multicarrier networks, there are strict PIM level
requirements for base stations, satellite systems, and
indoor distributed antenna systems. PIM results from
signals running through nonlinear systems at different
frequencies which results in false distortion signals. Even
though it can exist in active circuits of radio systems, PIM
is most frequently found in passive wireless systems,
especially with quite high transmit power. This article
reviews sources of PIM and classifies the PIM into as
rusty bolt, assembly, and design PIM. Two categories of
mechanisms have been shown to be the primary cause of
PIM, nonlinearities of contact and material. Passive
nonlinearities mainly cause from electro-thermal
processes, the junction of metal, insulator, and metalinsulator-metal (MIM) junctions, surface roughness and
contact mechanical deformations. These mechanisms in
charge of producing PIM are presented and also, analog
and digital cancellation methods for PIM are reviewed
A form of distortion known as passive
intermodulation (PIM), which is becoming more and
more of an issue in the telecommunications industry,
affects the delicate receiving signals in cellular networks.
The system' s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be
significantly limited by passive intermodulation (PIM)
interference when the performance of other radio
frequency (RF) components is correctly designed. To
reduce interference and improve network capacity in
multicarrier networks, there are strict PIM level
requirements for base stations, satellite systems, and
indoor distributed antenna systems. PIM results from
signals running through nonlinear systems at different
frequencies which results in false distortion signals. Even
though it can exist in active circuits of radio systems, PIM
is most frequently found in passive wireless systems,
especially with quite high transmit power. This article
reviews sources of PIM and classifies the PIM into as
rusty bolt, assembly, and design PIM. Two categories of
mechanisms have been shown to be the primary cause of
PIM, nonlinearities of contact and material. Passive
nonlinearities mainly cause from electro-thermal
processes, the junction of metal, insulator, and metalinsulator-metal (MIM) junctions, surface roughness and
contact mechanical deformations. These mechanisms in
charge of producing PIM are presented and also, analog
and digital cancellation methods for PIM are reviewed
