Authors : Mangalparthi Sai Shashank; Soni Nileshkumar Indarbhai; Barot Siddhant Dineshkumar; Anannya Vakheel; Nand Lal

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/p456jmh7

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yc6xwfm2

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV808

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Nerve injuries represent a significant clinical challenge due to the complex structure and function of the nervous system, as well as the limited regenerative capacity, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). This review examines nerve physiology and the mechanisms involved in nerve injury and repair, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding current and emerging therapeutic approaches. We begin with an exploration of the anatomical and functional organization of nerves, including the roles of key cellular components such as Schwann cells and glial cells, which are essential for maintaining nerve integrity and facilitating repair in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Nerve injuries are classified based on the degree of structural damage and involve distinct molecular and cellular responses, including Wallerian degeneration, immune modulation, and the activation of neurotrophic factors. Therapeutic strategies for nerve repair range from surgical interventions, such as nerve grafts and transfers, to pharmacological treatments that manage pain and enhance neuroprotection. Emerging approaches, including stem cell and gene therapies, as well as the development of advanced biomaterials, are advancing our ability to support nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes. However, challenges such as scar formation, inhibitory molecules in the CNS, and the complexity of immune responses underscore the need for further research to enhance regenerative potential. We highlight critical research gaps and propose future directions, emphasizing the importance of immune modulation, advanced biomaterials, and personalized treatment approaches. By connecting basic physiological insights with innovative therapeutic strategies, this review underscores the potential for integrated, multidisciplinary approaches to address the limitations of nerve repair. This synthesis of knowledge contributes to the advancement of nerve injury management, fostering hope for improved patient outcomes and quality of life following nerve injuries.

Keywords : Nerve Injury; Therapeutic Strategies; Schwann Cells; Oligodendrocytes; Immune Response.

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