In recent years, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, renewable and cleaner diesel fuel has become required. The scientists are investigating a number of biobased fuels. Biodiesel is likely to be a strong challenger for diesel fuel in the near future. Although pure biodiesel may be used in diesel engines, it has a number of disadvantages, including a greater density, a lower cetane number, and a lower calorific value, which prevents it from completely replacing ordinary diesel. As a result, it is preferable to use biofuel mixes in diesel engines. As a result, this study investigates two opposing viewpoints on nanoparticles' role in biofuel synthesis, as well as the impact of nanoparticles in biodiesel–diesel fuel blends on diesel engine performance, combustion analysis, and emission characteristics. The findings of previous research studies on the potential and use of nanoparticles in bioethanol production, as well as the impact of adding nanoparticles to diesel fuel with varied biofuel ratios, are included in this review study. A number of ways for enhancing engine performance have been studied. Nanoparticles may be employed in the production of biofuels in a variety of ways, from pre-treatment of feedstock to chemical reaction catalysts. When compared to biodiesel–diesel blends with and without alcohol as additives, adding nanoparticles resulted in a 20 percent to 23 percent reduction in brake specific fuel consumption. Apart from their excellent heat conductivity, nanoparticles enhanced the combustion process and boosted braking power by 2.5 to 4%. In majority of the studies, NOx emissions increased by up to 55 percent, but HC, CO, and PM emissions fell considerably. According to the findings, adding more nanoparticles to biodiesel and biodiesel blends as fuel in a CI engine might successfully operate a diesel engine while also providing better performance and controlled emissions.

Keywords : Nanoparticle, Biofuels, Blends, Diesel Engine Performance