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Live-in Water Vessels: A Sustainable Response to Flooding in Lagos


Authors : Sadia Mahmud Ananna; Sinthi Saha Nirupoma; Dr. Rumana Rashid; S. M. Arafat Hossain; G. M. A. Balayet Hossain

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mrr4dd5v

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4h3dv76s

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb1169

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Lagos, Nigeria, is a seaside megacity that is growing quickly. It floods often and badly because of heavy rain, bad infrastructure, and rising sea levels. These problems affect low-income areas more than other communities. Many of the groups learned how to live on the water by making their own boats. The study suggests Live-in Water Vessels, a floating home that is adaptable, resistant to flooding, and sensitive to local culture. It is being made as part of the "2022 Lagos: Flooding City Architecture Competition." Drawing from global precedents in Nigeria, Thailand, the Netherlands, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Cambodia, the research integrates affordable, locally sourced materials with passive design strategies such as rainwater harvesting, natural ventilation, and adaptable layouts. The design promotes social cohesion, resilience, and environmental adaptability by enhancing the current floating lifestyle in impacted communities. The paper evaluates the feasibility of the concept in Lagos, compares it to international examples, and outlines policy, technical, and social considerations for implementation. The proposed model offers a replicable housing solution for flood-prone regions across the Global South.

Keywords : Floating Architecture, Flood Resilience, Sustainable Housing, Community Adaptation, Live-in Water Vessels.

References :

  1. Adeyemi, K. (2020). Makoko Floating System II. NLÉ Architects. https://www.nleworks.com/projects/mfs-ii
  2. Agbo, C. (2025, June 12). Lagos State intensifies flood response measures. The Cable. https://www.thecable.ng
  3. de Graaf, R. (2020). Floating urbanism in the Netherlands: Engineering resilience. Amsterdam University Press.
  4. Israel, D., Adebayo, O., & Musa, T. (2024). Flooding patterns and climate variability in Lagos. Journal of Climate and Urban Studies, 12(3), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcus.2024.03.005
  5. Ochogwu, S. (2025, July 18). Flash floods displace residents in Lekki, Ikoyi, and Ajah. Daily Post Nigeria. https://dailypost.ng
  6. Ogundeji, T. (2025). Coastal erosion and flood vulnerability in Lagos State. Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(2), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/jes.2025.0034
  7. Olukunga, A., Bello, K., & Johnson, R. (2024). Urban expansion and drainage challenges in Lagos. African Journal of Urban Management, 8(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/ajum.2024.0005
  8. Pham, L., & Tran, H. (2022). Floating communities of the Mekong Delta: Adaptation and sustainability. Asian Journal of Environmental Research, 11(3), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajer.2022.05.004
  9. Reuters. (2024, October 15). Nigeria floods displace over a million residents. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com
  10. Smith, J., & Chantarang, S. (2021). Amphawa Floating Market: Cultural resilience through tourism. Journal of Urban Heritage Studies, 9(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/juhs.2021.009
  11. Sok, V., Chan, L., & Dara, P. (2021). Resilient livelihoods in Tonle Sap floating communities. Southeast Asian Studies Review, 18(4), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/seasr.2021.0184
  12. Wikipedia contributors. (2025, March 1). 2022 Nigeria floods. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Nigeria_floods
  13. World Bank. (2022). Climate vulnerability in Lagos. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org

Lagos, Nigeria, is a seaside megacity that is growing quickly. It floods often and badly because of heavy rain, bad infrastructure, and rising sea levels. These problems affect low-income areas more than other communities. Many of the groups learned how to live on the water by making their own boats. The study suggests Live-in Water Vessels, a floating home that is adaptable, resistant to flooding, and sensitive to local culture. It is being made as part of the "2022 Lagos: Flooding City Architecture Competition." Drawing from global precedents in Nigeria, Thailand, the Netherlands, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Cambodia, the research integrates affordable, locally sourced materials with passive design strategies such as rainwater harvesting, natural ventilation, and adaptable layouts. The design promotes social cohesion, resilience, and environmental adaptability by enhancing the current floating lifestyle in impacted communities. The paper evaluates the feasibility of the concept in Lagos, compares it to international examples, and outlines policy, technical, and social considerations for implementation. The proposed model offers a replicable housing solution for flood-prone regions across the Global South.

Keywords : Floating Architecture, Flood Resilience, Sustainable Housing, Community Adaptation, Live-in Water Vessels.

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - April - 2026

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