Authors : Erin Gianne G. Avanzado; Anne Eunice A. Mella; Maryam Elizabeth M. Lagando; Lorine Trisha D. Ticzon; Charles Cedric S. Cabisuelas; Girlie Mannphy A. Lacambra; Marc Lester F. Quintana

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3shf8f99

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26nov189

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and symptom experiences related to andropause among Filipino adult men aged 40 to 65 years in selected barangays of San Pablo City. Specifically, it described the respondents’ demographic and lifestyle profile; assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices across the physical, psychological, and sexual domains; identified the most commonly reported symptoms and their age of onset; and tested differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices according to selected demographic and lifestyle variables. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive-comparative design was used. Data were gathered from 399 respondents through a bilingual structured questionnaire adapted from the Male Andropause Symptoms Self-Assessment Questionnaire. Findings showed low overall knowledge of andropause, with greater gaps in the physical and sexual domains than in the psychological domain. Attitudes were generally average, suggesting moderate openness to acknowledging midlife changes but continuing hesitation toward formal help-seeking. Practices were also uneven, with physical and sexual coping practices at an average level and psychological practices emerging as the weakest area. The most commonly reported symptoms included hot flushes or night sweats, irritability or mood changes, and decreased sexual performance or frequency, with onset clustering in the 46 to 55 and 56 to 65 age groups. Significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices were associated more with selected demographic and lifestyle factors than with age alone. Overall, the findings support the need for stigma-sensitive, community-based health education and referral strategies for midlife men.

Keywords : Andropause; Community Health; Health Education; Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices (KAP); Men’s Health.

References :

1. Fode M, Salonia A, Minhas S, Burnett AL, Shindel AW. Late-onset hypogonadism and testosterone therapy: a summary of guidelines from the American Urological Association and the European Association of Urology. Eur Urol Focus. 2019;5(4):539-544. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2019.02.021.
2. Huhtaniemi IT, Wu FCW. Ageing male (part I): pathophysiology and diagnosis of functional hypogonadism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;36(4):101622. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2022.101622.
3. Khera M, Torres LO, Grober ED, Morgentaler A, Miner M, Jones TH, et al. Male hypogonadism: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024). Sex Med Rev. 2025;13(4):548-573. doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf036.
4. Martelli M, Zingaretti L, Salvio G, Bracci M, Santarelli L. Influence of work on andropause and menopause: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10074. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910074.
5. Ajayi AF. Andropause: a neglected disease entity. OBM Geriatr. 2024;8(2):276. https://www.lidsen.com/journals/geriatrics/geriatrics-08-02-276.
6. Rezaei N, Azadi A, Pakzad R. Prevalence of andropause among Iranian men and its relationship with quality of life. Aging Male. 2020;23(5):369-376. doi:10.1080/13685538.2018.1490951.
7. Kim S, Kim D. Mental health help-seeking among Korean men: the influence of stigma, masculine norms, and face. BMC Psychol. 2025;13:461. doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02793-y.
8. Mokhwelepa LW, Sumbane GO. Men’s mental health matters: the impact of traditional masculinity norms on men’s willingness to seek mental health support—a systematic review of literature. Am J Mens Health. 2025;19(3):15579883251321670. doi:10.1177/15579883251321670.
9. Dumaran VB. Andropause: awareness, severity of symptoms experienced and coping self-efficacy among Boholanos. Int J Biosci. 2025;26(1):130-140. doi:10.12692/ijb/26.1.130-140.
10. Rosenstock IM. The health belief model and preventive health behavior. Health Educ Monogr. 1974;2(4):354-386. doi:10.1177/109019817400200405.
11. Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Changing AIDS-risk behavior. Psychol Bull. 1992;111(3):455-474. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.455.
12. Tanji F, Nanbu H, Nishimoto D, Kawajiri M. Psychosocial factors and andropause symptoms among Japanese men: an internet-based cross-sectional study. Am J Mens Health. 2025;19(1):e15579883241312836. doi:10.1177/15579883241312836.
13. Shepherd G, Astbury E, Cooper A, Dobrzynska W, Goddard E, Whitley A, et al. The challenges preventing men when seeking counselling or psychotherapy. Ment Health Prev. 2023;31:200287. doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2023.200287.
14. Mahmoodabad SSM, Farhoud F, Kebriaei A, Jandaghi M. A survey of awareness and attitudes of men aged over 40 years about andropause. J Soc Behav Community Health. 2024;8(2):709-720. doi:10.18502/jsbch.v8i2.16978.
15. Nikjou R, Ajri-Khameslou M, Jegargoosheh S, Momeni P, Nemati-Vakilabad R. The severity of andropause symptoms and its relationship with social well-being among retired male nurses: a preliminary cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24:123. doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04805-9.
16. Naicker N, Plagerson S, Moshabela M. Health services use and health outcomes among informal economy workers: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6):3189. doi:10.3390/ijerph18063189.
17. Pengpid S, Peltzer K, Anantanasuwong D. Marital status, marital transition and health behaviour and mental health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in Thailand: a national longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2024;117:105196. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2023.105196.
18. Wippold GM, Garcia KA, Frary SG, Griffith DM. Community health worker interventions for men: a scoping review using the RE-AIM framework. Health Educ Behav. 2024;51(1):128-143. doi:10.1177/10901981231179498.
19. Asadollahi A, Saberi LF, Faraji N. Validity and reliability of male andropause symptoms self-assessment questionnaire among elderly males in Khuzestan province of Iran. J Midlife Health. 2013;4(4):233-237. doi:10.4103/0976-7800.122258.
20. Isidori AM, Aversa A, Calogero A, Ferlin A, Francavilla S, Lanfranco F, et al. Adult- and late-onset male hypogonadism: the clinical practice guidelines of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE). J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(12):2385-2403. doi:10.1007/s40618-022-01859-7.
21. Koh K, Kim SS, Kim JS, Jung JG, Yoon SJ, Suh WY, et al. Relationship between alcohol consumption and testosterone deficiency according to facial flushes among middle-aged and older Korean men. Korean J Fam Med. 2022;43(6):381-387. doi:10.4082/kjfm.21.0173.