Heterogeneous routing protocols are getting more attention in recent times due to the fact that, the protocols proved to be better than homogeneous routing protocols in terms of stability period and network lifetime. The sensor nodes used in designing these protocols have different battery energy and high processing ability. The cluster heads chosen in these protocols have higher residual energy than any other routing protocol. In this research work, the heterogeneous routing scheme, Developed Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering scheme (DDEEC) for heterogeneous wireless sensor Networks was studied carefully. It was observed that, DDEEC protocol made some changes to average probability in DEEC protocol. The average probability now depends on the threshold residual energy value, ????????????????????. This energy value makes the advanced and normal nodes to have the same probability of becoming cluster heads (CHs). However, it was realized that, distance factor was not considered in selecting the some of the advanced nodes. So distant advanced nodes will have to dissipate more energy to relay their data to the Base station. Also, unnecessary transmission of data to the Base station was noticed in this protocol which resulted into depletion of energy of the nodes hence affecting the lifetime of the network. In this paper, a new optimization scheme is proposed. The new algorithm, modified the average probability of advanced nodes whose residual energy is less than the ???????????????????? to now depend on the average distance of the nodes from the Base station rather than the average energy of the network. Also, we implemented TEEN and different amplification energy levels in this protocol to conserve energy in the network. Simulation was conducted to evaluate the performance of the new scheme and the existing protocol using MatLab 2017a. The simulation results showed that, the proposed protocol performed better than the existing scheme in terms of throughputs, residual energy and network lifetime.

Keywords : DDEEC Protocol; TEEN; Network Lifetime; Residual Energy; Different Amplification Energy; MatLab Simulation.