Authors :
Dr. Ashwini Kapoor; Dr. Ashish Rana; Dr. Maniah Bhothra
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 8 - August
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/y99rcdb8
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/4ptvvnse
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24AUG1485
Abstract :
A comparative analysis was conducted to
examine thirty individuals who use heroin Group A,
thirty who abstain Group B, and thirty in terms of
demographics, body composition, and hormonal profiles
as a control group. Group A demonstrated the lowest
median weight and height while Group B exhibited the
highest lean body mass. Notable differences emerged in
luteinizing hormone, testosterone, bone alkaline
phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, calcium/creatinine
ratio, and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio across
participants. These dissimilarities were markedly evident
when contrasting the control group with Group A and
Group B with Group A. The investigation's findings
imply that opioid use and subsequent cessation
profoundly influence hormone levels and bone
metabolism. This underscores the necessity for tailored
intervention strategies to specifically address the
requirements of these populations.
Keywords :
Opioid Heroin Users, Hormonal Profiles, Bone Metabolism, Luteinizing Hormone, Calcium/Creatinine Ratio.
References :
- U.N.O.D.C., "Economic social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking," 1998.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Health consequences of drug misuse," June 2020.
- UNODC, "World drug report," 2021.
- C. H. Tam, S. I. Kwok, T. W. Lo, S. H. Lam, and G. K. Lee, "Hidden drug abuse in Hong Kong: from social acquaintance to social isolation," Front. Psychiatr., vol. 9, p. 457, 2018.
- J. A. Cauley, "Public health impact of osteoporosis," J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., vol. 68, pp. 1243-1251, 2013.
- A. Sophocleous, R. Robertson, N. B. Ferreira, J. McKenzie, W. D. Fraser, and S. H. Ralston, "Heavy cannabis use is associated with low BMD and an increased risk of fractures," Am. J. Med., vol. 130, pp. 214-221, 2017.
- M. Pedrazzoni, P. P. Vescovi, L. Maninetti, M. Michelini, G. Zaniboni, and G. Pioli, "Effects of chronic heroin abuse on bone and mineral metabolism," Acta Endocrinol., vol. 129, pp. 42-45, 1993.
- T. W. Kim, D. P. Alford, A. Malabanan, M. F. Holick, and J. H. Samet, "Low bone density in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment," Drug Alcohol Depend., vol. 85, pp. 258-262, 2006.
- E. Y. Kim, D. H. Kwon, B. D. Lee, Y. T. Kim, Y. B. Ahn, and K. Y. Yoon, "Frequency of osteoporosis in 46 men with methamphetamine abuse hospitalized in a national hospital," Forensic Sci. Int., vol. 188, no. 3, pp. 75-80, 2009.
- F. Gotthardt, C. Huber, C. Thierfelder, L. Grize, M. Kraenzlin, and C. Scheidegger, "BMD and its determinants in men with opioid dependence," J. Bone Miner. Metabol., vol. 35, pp. 99-107, 2017.
- C. R. Shuhart, S. S. Yeap, P. A. Anderson, L. G. Jankowski, E. M. Lewiecki, L. R. Morse, et al., "Executive summary of the 2019 ISCD position development conference on monitoring treatment, DXA cross-calibration and least significant change, spinal cord injury, peri-prosthetic and orthopedic bone health, transgender medicine, and pediatrics," J. Clin. Densitom., vol. 22, pp. 453-471, 2019.
- 4. M. Pedrazzoni, P. P. Vescovi, L. Maninetti, M. Michelini, G. Zaniboni, G. Pioli, et al., "Effects of chronic heroin abuse on bone and mineral metabolism," Eur. J. Endocrinol., vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 42–45, 1993.
- D. Kouros, H. Tahereh, A. Mohammadreza, and M. Minoo, "Opium and heroin alter biochemical parameters of human’s serum," Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 135–139, 2010.
- Z. Heydari, A. Shahesmaeili, M. R. Khajeh-Bahrami, M. Rezazadeh-Mehrizi, M. H. Gozashti, and V. Moazed, "An investigation of the risk factors of osteoporosis and the correlation between opium consumption and osteoporosis in adults," Addict Health, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 214–221, 2017.
- M. J. Brennan, "The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function," Am. J. Med., vol. 126, no. 3, pp. S12–S18, 2013.
- J. L. Pérez-Castrillón, J. M. Olmos, J. J. Gómez, A. Barrallo, J. A. Riancho, L. Perera, et al., "Expression of opioid receptors in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, and effects of different opioid agonists on alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin secretion by these cells," Neuroendocrinology, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 187–194, 2000.
- H. Rico, C. Costales, J. A. Cabranes, and M. Escudero, "Lower serum osteocalcin levels in pregnant drug users and their newborns at the time of delivery," Obstet. Gynecol., vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 998–1000, 1990.
- F. Coluzzi, D. Billeci, M. Maggi, and G. Corona, "Testosterone deficiency in non-cancer opioid-treated patients," J. Endocrinol. Invest., vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1377–1388, 2018.
- K. Shigehara, K. Izumi, Y. Kadono, and A. Mizokami, "Testosterone and bone health in men: a narrative review," J. Clin. Med., vol. 10, no. 3, p. 530, 2021.
- S. Balodimos, K. Nikolaou, S. Njau, M. Karamouzis, and L. Kovatsi, "The effect of opioid dependence on conventional and novel biochemical parameters of bone metabolism," Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 535–540, 2015.
- K. Shigehara, H. Konaka, E. Koh, K. Nakashima, M. Iijima, T. Nohara, et al., "Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hypogonadal men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a subanalysis of a prospective randomized controlled study in Japan (EARTH study)," Aging Male, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 139–145, 2017.
- J. H. Mendelson, J. E. Mendelson, and V. D. Patch, "Plasma testosterone levels in heroin addiction and during methadone maintenance," J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., vol. 192, no. 1, pp. 211–217, 1975.
- A. Fountas, S. Van Uum, and N. Karavitaki, "Opioid-induced endocrinopathies," Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 68–80, 2020.
- S. Boonen, D. Vanderschueren, P. Haentjens, and P. Lips, "Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis–a clinical update," Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., vol. 259, no. 6, pp. 539–552, 2006.
A comparative analysis was conducted to
examine thirty individuals who use heroin Group A,
thirty who abstain Group B, and thirty in terms of
demographics, body composition, and hormonal profiles
as a control group. Group A demonstrated the lowest
median weight and height while Group B exhibited the
highest lean body mass. Notable differences emerged in
luteinizing hormone, testosterone, bone alkaline
phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, calcium/creatinine
ratio, and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio across
participants. These dissimilarities were markedly evident
when contrasting the control group with Group A and
Group B with Group A. The investigation's findings
imply that opioid use and subsequent cessation
profoundly influence hormone levels and bone
metabolism. This underscores the necessity for tailored
intervention strategies to specifically address the
requirements of these populations.
Keywords :
Opioid Heroin Users, Hormonal Profiles, Bone Metabolism, Luteinizing Hormone, Calcium/Creatinine Ratio.