Authors : Ado Umar Farouq; Mallam Abu; Abel U. Osagie

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2uc7f2st

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov1302

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Abstract : This study presents an integrated hydrogeological assessment of the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Nigeria, using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in conjunction with borehole lithological data to delineate subsurface stratigraphy and evaluate groundwater potential within the basement complex terrain. Twenty VES surveys conducted across key locations revealed a consistent geoelectric sequence comprising topsoil, lateritic or clayey overburden, a saprolitic weathered basement, a partially weathered gneissic horizon, and an underlying fractured crystalline basement. The principal curve types identified (KQ, HQ, QH, KA, KAQ, and KHA) indicate diverse hydrostratigraphic conditions and structural controls on groundwater occurrence. Correlation of VES interpretations with borehole logs demonstrated strong spatial agreement, confirming the reliability of the integrated geophysical–geological approach. Results show that the principal aquifer horizon occurs within the fractured basement at depths of approximately 38–70 m, where fracture zones and weathering intensity significantly enhance groundwater storage and yield. Thick saprolitic and partially weathered units serve as important recharge pathways and secondary storage zones, particularly at sites such as AMAC03, AMAC09, AMAC17, and AMAC20. Lower deep resistivity values at sites including AMAC18 and AMAC19 suggest zones of pronounced fracturing with higher yield potential, whereas shallow, highly resistive basement signatures indicate limited groundwater prospects dependent on discrete fracture systems. The study underscores the hydrogeological significance of overburden structure, secondary porosity, and fracture connectivity in controlling groundwater availability across AMAC. The integrated methodology enhances the accuracy of aquifer delineation and provides a robust framework for sustainable groundwater exploration and resource management in crystalline basement terrains. Future work should include expanded geophysical survey coverage, advanced 2D/3D imaging, and integration of hydrogeological models with regional water demand projections to support long-term groundwater security.

Keywords : Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES); Groundwater Potential; Borehole lithology; Fractured Aquifer; Hydrogeological Assessment.

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