Authors :
Noriyuki Kodama
Volume/Issue :
Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 7 - July
Google Scholar :
https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/2j485xzr
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8330761
Abstract :
Cold Fusion is caused by the femto-D2 which
covalent electron is in the deep electron orbit at a few
femto meters from the nucleus. Femto-D2 is created by
the compression of D2 at the reaction site on the surface
with nano-roughness of FCC metal. Because inside the
reaction site is negatively charged, D+
is attracted to the
center of the reaction site is to be D-, and another D+
is
attracted by D- to join to be D2 at the reaction site. D2 is
compressed by the surrounding metal atoms of the
reaction site, and electron of n=1 transition to deep orbit
to be femto-D2.
Because the electron deep orbit is at a few femto
meters from the nucleus, covalent electron of femto-D2
can shield the coulomb repulsive force between d-d to
cause Cold Fusion. With D2 gas loading into FCC metal,
femto-D2 is created at the grain boundary of metal. With
H2 gas loading, femto-H2 is created.
Because femto-H2 is neutral, it can fuse the target
element and it increase the atomic number of 2 because
femto-H2 has two protons. In case that femto-H2 are in H2
plasma, H is transmuted to Helium-3 by adding two
protons to proton, and in D2 plasma, it transmuted to
helium-3 by adding two protons to d as is shown in the
below reactions.Femto-H2 is 2 protons
p+femto-H2 =
3
3Li=3
2He (electron capture)
d+femto-H2 =
4
3Li=3
2He+p (proton emission)
Because femto-H2 is a neutral particle, it descends by
the gravity.
Femto-H2 is created inside the plasma fusion reactor
on the wall of FCC metal.
Fusion reactor of Helion energy uses D3He fusion.
D+3He=4He+p+18.3MeV,
And this reactor has issue of high energy proton
which damages the inner wall of fusion reactor. In other
words, hydrogen is absorbed into the reactor wall of FCC
metal, the reactor wall can create femto-H2 by Cold
Fusion Mechanism with H2 gas. Therefore, the absorption
of high-energy protons into the inner wall of the reactorcan be controlled by the reactor, so once D3He fusion
occurs, the fusion can continue by the supply of proton
from the Fusion reaction of D+3He. I presume that
plasma hydrogen is generated in the reactor before the
fusion of D+3He to supply proton to the inner wall of
plasma reactor to create femto-H2 and helium -3.
However, this plasma fusion reactor needs to have
femto-H2 generator with mechanism for introducing
femto-H2 into the plasma fusion reactor because this
plasma fusion reactor cannot be used in the space ship
without gravity because femto-H2 does not descend into
the plasma fusion reactor without the gravity. Also,
femto-H2 generator will improve the power generation.
I propose that helium-3 mass production with
generator of femto-H2 with H2O or with Hydrogen
plasma, or direct compression of HD gas by nano-pore of
nano-Zeolite for mass production of helium-3.
Keywords :
ColdFusion Helium-3, femto-D2, femto-H2
Cold Fusion is caused by the femto-D2 which
covalent electron is in the deep electron orbit at a few
femto meters from the nucleus. Femto-D2 is created by
the compression of D2 at the reaction site on the surface
with nano-roughness of FCC metal. Because inside the
reaction site is negatively charged, D+
is attracted to the
center of the reaction site is to be D-, and another D+
is
attracted by D- to join to be D2 at the reaction site. D2 is
compressed by the surrounding metal atoms of the
reaction site, and electron of n=1 transition to deep orbit
to be femto-D2.
Because the electron deep orbit is at a few femto
meters from the nucleus, covalent electron of femto-D2
can shield the coulomb repulsive force between d-d to
cause Cold Fusion. With D2 gas loading into FCC metal,
femto-D2 is created at the grain boundary of metal. With
H2 gas loading, femto-H2 is created.
Because femto-H2 is neutral, it can fuse the target
element and it increase the atomic number of 2 because
femto-H2 has two protons. In case that femto-H2 are in H2
plasma, H is transmuted to Helium-3 by adding two
protons to proton, and in D2 plasma, it transmuted to
helium-3 by adding two protons to d as is shown in the
below reactions.Femto-H2 is 2 protons
p+femto-H2 =
3
3Li=3
2He (electron capture)
d+femto-H2 =
4
3Li=3
2He+p (proton emission)
Because femto-H2 is a neutral particle, it descends by
the gravity.
Femto-H2 is created inside the plasma fusion reactor
on the wall of FCC metal.
Fusion reactor of Helion energy uses D3He fusion.
D+3He=4He+p+18.3MeV,
And this reactor has issue of high energy proton
which damages the inner wall of fusion reactor. In other
words, hydrogen is absorbed into the reactor wall of FCC
metal, the reactor wall can create femto-H2 by Cold
Fusion Mechanism with H2 gas. Therefore, the absorption
of high-energy protons into the inner wall of the reactorcan be controlled by the reactor, so once D3He fusion
occurs, the fusion can continue by the supply of proton
from the Fusion reaction of D+3He. I presume that
plasma hydrogen is generated in the reactor before the
fusion of D+3He to supply proton to the inner wall of
plasma reactor to create femto-H2 and helium -3.
However, this plasma fusion reactor needs to have
femto-H2 generator with mechanism for introducing
femto-H2 into the plasma fusion reactor because this
plasma fusion reactor cannot be used in the space ship
without gravity because femto-H2 does not descend into
the plasma fusion reactor without the gravity. Also,
femto-H2 generator will improve the power generation.
I propose that helium-3 mass production with
generator of femto-H2 with H2O or with Hydrogen
plasma, or direct compression of HD gas by nano-pore of
nano-Zeolite for mass production of helium-3.
Keywords :
ColdFusion Helium-3, femto-D2, femto-H2
