Heavy Metal Determinations in Some Selected Chocolates Marketed in Nigeria


Authors : Ibrahim Sani; Muhammad Hassan; Muhammad Mukhtar; Abdullahi Jabir; Aminu Haruna Hamza; Hassan Abdullahi; Hamza Zakariyya; Rabiu Farida Yusuf

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/y4nh48fd

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24NOV875

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Abstract : The study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some selected chocolates marketed in Hadejia. The heavy metals analyzed were lead, (Pb), cadmium, (Cd), nickel, (Ni), and chromium, (Cr). Four chocolates samples bought from RDT supermarket of different company with a view to know which product has the highest level of the heavy metals analyzed. Wet digestion method was employed to digest the collected samples. A 10.0 ml mixture of HNO3 (65%)/H2O2 (30%) (v/v) (1:1 ratio) was used to digest the samples and heated at a temperature of 80 0C for 3 hours on the hot plate. The solutions obtained were diluted with distilled deionized water, and then filtered through Whatman’s filter paper. A blank was also prepared using the same procedure but without the sample. All digested sample were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS 460 Model). The results obtained showed all the samples analyzed had concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium above the recommended limit set by WHO (2011) for food and drinking water. However, the results showed that, the concentrations of nickel found in all the samples were below or within the range set by WHO (2011) for food and drinking water.

Keywords : Chocolates & Heavy Metals.

References :

  1. Abubakar, S. U., Saleh, A., Tatari, A., & Polytechnic, A. (2020). Determination of heavy metals in some sweets , chewing gum and chocolate in bauchi metropolis , bauchi state Nigeria. 35–44.
  2. Alamgir, A., Fatima, N., Naz, U., Muntaha, A., & Malik, E. (2022). ESTIMATION OF HEAVY METALS IN UNBRANDED CHOCOLATES SOLD IN KARACHI WITH COMPARISON TO OTHER PLACES AROUND THE WORLD. 19(4), 493–502.
  3. Dias, A. R. M., & Wickramasinghe, I. (2016). Determination of Toxic Metals in Chocolate Confectionery Wrappers Used by the Chocolate Manufacturers in Sri Lanka , and It ’ s Migration to Chocolates Under Different Storage Conditions. 5(1), 352–357.
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  10. Sani, I., Mukhtar, M., & Hassan, M. (2024). Determination of Heavy Metals in Some Selected Flavour Drinks in Nigeria. 9(7), 9–11.

The study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some selected chocolates marketed in Hadejia. The heavy metals analyzed were lead, (Pb), cadmium, (Cd), nickel, (Ni), and chromium, (Cr). Four chocolates samples bought from RDT supermarket of different company with a view to know which product has the highest level of the heavy metals analyzed. Wet digestion method was employed to digest the collected samples. A 10.0 ml mixture of HNO3 (65%)/H2O2 (30%) (v/v) (1:1 ratio) was used to digest the samples and heated at a temperature of 80 0C for 3 hours on the hot plate. The solutions obtained were diluted with distilled deionized water, and then filtered through Whatman’s filter paper. A blank was also prepared using the same procedure but without the sample. All digested sample were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS 460 Model). The results obtained showed all the samples analyzed had concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium above the recommended limit set by WHO (2011) for food and drinking water. However, the results showed that, the concentrations of nickel found in all the samples were below or within the range set by WHO (2011) for food and drinking water.

Keywords : Chocolates & Heavy Metals.

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