Authors : Sreekutty Sabarivasan; Dr. Ashish L.

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February

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Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/bdhn9p36

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2tat6pt5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb1493

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Abstract : Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is an advanced cryptographic technique that enables computation on encrypted data without requiring decryption. This capability eliminates the need to expose sensitive data during processing, making FHE particularly suitable for cloud computing, healthcare analytics, financial systems, and privacypreserving artificial intelligence. Despite its strong theoretical foundation, FHE faces practical challenges including high computational complexity, large ciphertext expansion, and bootstrapping overhead. This paper presents a comprehensive study of FHE, including its theoretical background, working mechanism, security properties, real-world applications, limitations, and emerging research trends.

Keywords : Fully Homomorphic Encryption, Cloud Security, Bootstrapping, Lattice Cryptography, Privacy-Preserving Computation.

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