Authors : Mohammed Hussien Ali ElHaggar

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October

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Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/jvc99trr

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1115

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

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Abstract : Small- and medium-scale construction accounts for the majority of new commercial and healthcare buildings in Riyadh, yet the segment lies almost entirely outside the LEED certification pipeline. Fire-protection subsystems — piping, sealants, intumescent coatings, and clean-agent gases — are a substantial but underexamined part of the material footprint of these buildings, and the sustainability profile of the materials actually installed has not been characterized empirically for this segment.

Keywords : LEED v4.1; Sustainability Alignment Index; Fire Protection; Riyadh; NFPA; Saudi Building Code; VOC Content; Global Warming Potential; Recycled Content; Multi-Case Study.

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