Authors : Sangeetha.N; Abhijith K.V; Rishikesh Jayaraj; Praveenkumar K.; Raju R.

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mwzfadyn

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/49yx83fp

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14979497

Abstract : Agriculture plays a vital role in sustaining human life, yet challenges such as environmental stress, pest infestations, and inefficient weed management often lead to significant crop losses. To address these issues, the agricultural sector is increasingly adopting digital technologies, particularly IoT-enabled smart sensors and robotic weeding systems. These innovations enhance productivity, optimize resource use, and reduce environmental impact.Robotic weeding, a key advancement in digital agriculture, operates through sensing, thinking, and acting. Sophisticated sensing technologies, including RGB, NIR, spectral, and thermal cameras, as well as non-imaging methods like LIDAR, ToF, and ultrasonic systems, play a crucial role in precise weed detection and elimination. Meanwhile, IoT-integrated sensors monitor critical environmental parameters such as moisture, humidity, temperature, soil composition, and greenhouse gases. These technologies also facilitate precision fertilization and real-time pest surveillance through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Despite their benefits—such as cost reduction, increased efficiency, and reduced soil and water pollution—smart farming and robotic weeding face significant challenges. High implementation costs, data security concerns, and a lack of digital literacy among farmers hinder widespread adoption. Addressing these barriers through economic policies, data encryption, and targeted digital education will be crucial in advancing sustainable and technology-driven agriculture.

Keywords : EEWS, HSE Protocol, IoT

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