Authors : Md. Musheed Ahmed; M. Sri Rama Chandra; E. Bala Krishna Gowd; V. Thriveni; P. Moulali

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/ysc54dwp

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar2064

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Abstract : In developing countries like India, where lifestyle choices, delayed diagnosis, and restricted access to healthcare lead to high mortality rates, oral cancer is particularly widespread and continues to be a significant global health concern. The epidemiology, etiological factors, and clinical presentation of oral cancer are among the many characteristics examined in this review. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most common type, is closely associated with human papillomavirus infection, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and chewing betel quid. A majority of cases are still discovered at advanced stages, despite improvements in early detection brought about by advancements in diagnostic modalities ranging from cytological screening to molecular and imaging-based approaches. In order to improve disease control and survival, therapeutic approaches have changed from traditional surgery and radiation to multimodal regimens that include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The review also emphasizes how multidisciplinary management, community awareness campaigns, and preventive measures can improve patient outcomes. Effective control measures require an understanding of how biological mechanisms, behavioral risk factors, and developing therapeutic technologies interact. Together, improving comprehensive care, public health regulations, and early detection can lessen the worldwide impact of oral cancer and improve overall prognosis.

Keywords : Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Cancer, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Prevention, India

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