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Evaluating Short-Term Effect of Cadmium on Proximate Composition of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus


Authors : Amanze P. C.; Offor I. J.; Nkulo U. U.; Mbachu U. U.; Okongwu G. C.; Ihugba U. E.; Eches E. E.

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/y69hkr2c

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1603

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Cadmium is a harmful heavy metal that can negatively impact the physiology, metabolism, and nutritional quality of fish. This study looked into how cadmium nitrate exposure affects the proximate composition of two fish species: African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was conducted in research farm at Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri Nigeria. Completely randomized design was adopted which involved five treatments and three replicates.

Keywords : Cadmium Nitrate, Proximate Composition, Clarias Gariepinus, Oreochromis Niloticus, Heavy Metal Toxicity, Nutritional Quality

References :

  1. Anyanwu, D. C., Offor, I. J., Anyanwu, H. O., & Mbachu, M. (2015) a. Carcass composition and organoleptic assessment of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed varied levels of Telfairia occidentalis. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences, 2(4), 26–29.
  2. Anyanwu D.C., Offor, I.J. Onogu B., Mbachu M. (2015b) Carcass composition and product quality of clarias gariepinus fed 5% dietary levels of leaf meals. American Research Journal of Bio Sciences 1(2)1-5 www.arjonline.org
  3. Das, S., Kar, I., & Patra, A. K. (2023). Cadmium induced bioaccumulation, histopathology, gene regulation in fish and its amelioration—A review. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 79, Article 127202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127202
  4. Lee, J.-W., Jo, A.-H., Lee, D.-C., Choi, C. Y., Kang, J.-C., & Kim, J.-H. (2023). Review of cadmium toxicity effects on fish: Oxidative stress and immune responses. Environmental Research, 236(Pt. 2), Article 116600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116600
  5. Liu, Y., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Bi, L., Jin, L., & Peng, R. (2022). Toxic effects of cadmium on fish. Toxics, 10(10), Article 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100622
  6. Offor, I.J.., Eze, C., Anyanwu, D. C., Nze, C. E. N., Nwoye E. O., Nwadike, O. A. and Nwokorie, E. C. (2023) Automotive Gas Oil Effects on Performance of Clarias Gariepinus: Implications of Oil Spills in The Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 38(2): 243-251 www.journalofaguaticsciences.com DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314.jas.v38i2.20
  7. Offor I J, Madu CN, Ugochukwu CU (2025) Assessing Lead Pollution in Sandy Soil: Effects on Amaranthus Growth and Health Risks in Owerri, Nigeria Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 11(1) 253-260. www.ajraf.org
  8. Offor, I. J., Madu, C. N., Ugochukwu, U. C., Anyanwu, D. C., Poly-Mbah, C. P., & Nwokorie, E. C. (2024a). Lead uptake and bioconcentration in selected vegetables: Implications for phytoremediation of heavy metals. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 11(5), 395–401.
  9. Offor, I. J., Anyanwu, H. O., Poly-Mbah, P. C., & Nwokorie, E. (2020). Levels of heavy metals in selected leafy vegetables from markets in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Community & Communication Research, 5(2), 296–301.
  10. Offor, I. J., Anyanwu, D. C., Ukagwu, J. I., Umunnakwe, J. E., Nwoye, O. E., John-Offor, C. A., Nwokorie, C. E., & Okongwu, G. (2024b). Monitoring toxins and human health risk assessment of Clarias gariepinus from Nwangele River in Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(1), 2350–2357. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
  11. Shahjahan, M., Taslima, K., Rahman, M. S., Al-Emran, M., Alam, S. I., & Faggio, C. (2022). Effects of heavy metals on fish physiology—A review. Chemosphere, 300, Article 134519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134519.

Cadmium is a harmful heavy metal that can negatively impact the physiology, metabolism, and nutritional quality of fish. This study looked into how cadmium nitrate exposure affects the proximate composition of two fish species: African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was conducted in research farm at Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education Owerri Nigeria. Completely randomized design was adopted which involved five treatments and three replicates.

Keywords : Cadmium Nitrate, Proximate Composition, Clarias Gariepinus, Oreochromis Niloticus, Heavy Metal Toxicity, Nutritional Quality

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - November - 2026

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