Evaluating Gliclazide Safety and Effectiveness in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus


Authors : Dr. Minhaz Patel's

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/543wyhpc

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/22nxjkve

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1710

PlumX Metrics

Semantic Scholar

ResearchGate

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Gliclazide is an oral medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reducing blood sugar levels. Being a second-generation sulfonylurea, it functions by promoting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, therefore improving the regulation of blood sugar levels. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of gliclazide in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), specifically as a second-line treatment after metformin. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of gliclazide with other oral antidiabetic medications. The study reviews global diabetes guidelines and clinical studies focusing on gliclazide's mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical outcomes. Gliclazide effectively reduces HbA1c levels, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial blood glucose, showing comparable or superior efficacy to other sulfonylureas. The mechanism involves stimulating insulin release by binding to the sulfonylurea receptor on pancreatic beta cells. The trial indicated that gliclazide may slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in preventing preproliferative stages, compared to other sulfonylureas. Gliclazide also demonstrated a lower incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Gliclazide is an effective and safe second-line treatment for T2DM, providing robust glycemic control and additional benefits in preventing diabetic retinopathy progression. Its favorable safety profile, particularly regarding hypoglycemia and weight gain, supports its use in diabetes management.

Keywords : Gliclazide, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Sulfonylureas, Glycemic Control, Diabetic Retinopathy, Hypoglycemia, Insulin Secretion.

References :

  1. Kalra S, Aamir AH, Raza A, et al. Place of sulfonylureas in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: a consensus statement. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(5):577–596. 
  2. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2020) IDF Clinical practice recommendations for managing type 2 diabetes in primary care. 2017. 
  3. American Diabetes Association Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(1):S90–S102. 
  4. Landman GW, de Bock GH, Van Hateren KJ, N. Safety and efficacy of gliclazide as treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. PloS one. 2014 Feb 12;9(2):e82880.
  5. Tomlinson B, Li YH, Chan P. Evaluating gliclazide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2022 Nov 22;23(17):1869-77.
  6. Lu CH, Chang CC, Chuang LM. Double‐blind, randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and safety of gliclazide‐modified release in the treatment of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2006 Mar;8(2):184-91.
  7. Pareek A, Chandurkar N, Zawar S, Agrawal N. Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of gliclazide and metformin combination: a multicentric study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on monotherapy with sulfonylurea or metformin. American journal of therapeutics. 2010 Nov 1;17(6):559-65.
  8. Seino S, Zhang CL, Shibasaki T. Sulfonylurea action re‐revisited. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2010 Feb;1(1‐2):37-9.
  9. Lv W, Wang X, Xu Q, Lu W. Mechanisms and characteristics of sulfonylureas and glinides. Current topics in medicinal chemistry. 2020 Jan 1;20(1):37-56.
  10. Sarkar, A., Tiwari, A., Bhasin, P. S., & Mitra, M. (2011). Pharmacological and pharmaceutical profile of gliclazide: a review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, (Issue), 11-19.
  11. Mim SR, Hussein H, Vidadi S, Leisegang R, Karamchand S. Optimal dosing of gliclazide—A model‐based approach. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 2023 Jul;133(1):59-72.
  12. Tomlinson B, Li YH, Chan P. Evaluating gliclazide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2022 Nov 22;23(17):1869-77.
  13. Pop DI, Marcovici A, Oroian M, Gheldiu AM, Vlase L. Kinetics of gliclazide after single dose oral administration of gliclazide 60 mg modified release tablet. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Chemia. 2020 Jun 1;65(2):187-97.
  14. Wangnoo S, Shunmugavelu M, Reddy SV,. Role of Gliclazide in safely navigating type 2 diabetes mellitus patients towards euglycemia: Expert opinion from India. Endocrine and Metabolic Science. 2021 Sep 30;4:100102.
  15. Arafa ES, Mohamed WR, Zaher DM, Omar HA. Gliclazide attenuates acetic acid-induced colitis via the modulation of PPARγ, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2020 Mar 15;391:114919.
  16. Cordiner RL, Mari A, Tura A, Pearson ER. The impact of low-dose gliclazide on the incretin effect and indices of beta-cell function. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2021 Jul 1;106(7):2036-46.
  17. Ishaku SG, Bakare-Odunola MT, Musa A, Yakasai IA, Garba M, Adzu B. Effect of amodiaquine on the pharmacokinetics of gliclazide in diabetic subjects. African journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2019 Jun 22;13(11):139-45..
  18. Raza SA, Akram J, Aamir AH, Ahmedani Y, Hassan MI. Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerability of gliclazide modified release 60 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes observing fasting during Ramadan in Pakistan: an analysis from the global DIA-RAMADAN study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2021 Nov 1;181:109086.
  19. Polavarapu NK, Kale R, Sethi B, Sahay RK,. Effect of gliclazide or gliclazide plus metformin combination on glycemic control in patients with T2DM in India: a real-world, retrospective, longitudinal, observational study from electronic medical records. Drugs-Real World Outcomes. 2020 Dec;7:271-9.
  20. Zoungas S. Advance in context: the benefits, risks and feasibility of providing intensive glycaemic control based on gliclazide modified release. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism”. 2020 Apr;22:5-11.
  21. Shukrath C. A Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride Versus Gliclazide as an Add on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India (Doctoral dissertation, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (India)).
  22. Khunti K, Hassanein M, Lee MK, Mohan V. Role of gliclazide MR in the management of type 2 diabetes: report of a symposium on real-world evidence and new perspectives. Diabetes Therapy. 2020 Aug;11:33-48.
  23. Tomlinson B, Li YH, Chan P. Evaluating gliclazide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2022 Nov 22;23(17):1869-77.
  24. Kalra S, Unnikrishnan AG, Bantwal G, Das S. The position of gliclazide in the evolving landscapes and disease continuum of T2DM: a collaborative delphi survey-based consensus from India. Diabetes Therapy. 2021 Mar;12:679-95.
  25. Patel et al.; J. Can. Tumor Int., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2024; Article no.JCTI.114025

Gliclazide is an oral medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reducing blood sugar levels. Being a second-generation sulfonylurea, it functions by promoting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, therefore improving the regulation of blood sugar levels. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of gliclazide in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), specifically as a second-line treatment after metformin. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of gliclazide with other oral antidiabetic medications. The study reviews global diabetes guidelines and clinical studies focusing on gliclazide's mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical outcomes. Gliclazide effectively reduces HbA1c levels, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial blood glucose, showing comparable or superior efficacy to other sulfonylureas. The mechanism involves stimulating insulin release by binding to the sulfonylurea receptor on pancreatic beta cells. The trial indicated that gliclazide may slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in preventing preproliferative stages, compared to other sulfonylureas. Gliclazide also demonstrated a lower incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Gliclazide is an effective and safe second-line treatment for T2DM, providing robust glycemic control and additional benefits in preventing diabetic retinopathy progression. Its favorable safety profile, particularly regarding hypoglycemia and weight gain, supports its use in diabetes management.

Keywords : Gliclazide, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Sulfonylureas, Glycemic Control, Diabetic Retinopathy, Hypoglycemia, Insulin Secretion.

Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe