Enhancing Classroom Instruction of Teachers Through Professional Development Programs


Authors : Aileen Bartolata Nuňez; Danilo Estipona Despi

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 3 - March


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5xy66mpr

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yc5yxe9p

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar611

Google Scholar

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 15 to 20 days to display the article.


Abstract : The study examined how professional development programs impact teachers’ confidence and competence in adopting new instructional methods and technologies at Prieto-Diaz National High School. Focusing on enhancing educational quality, it explored the types of professional development teachers engage in, such as In-Service Training, post-graduate studies, workshops, and seminars, and how these contribute to self-efficacy, teaching strategies, classroom management, and overall practices. Using a mixed-method approach, the researcher integrated quantitative and qualitative data from 35 teachers through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. Surveys captured teachers’ views on their professional development experiences and needs. Interviews provided deeper insights into the programs’ effectiveness, while classroom observations assessed changes in teaching practices. The findings showed that In-Service Training is the most attended program, followed by post-graduate studies and workshops. Participation in these programs notably boosts teachers’ self-efficacy, lesson planning, and instructional strategies. Additionally, teachers reported improved classroom management and assessment practices, leading to better student learning outcomes. However, challenges were also identified, including limited resources, insufficient time to implement new methods, and difficulty in adapting strategies for diverse student needs. These issues emphasized the need for educators, administrators, and policymakers to redesign professional development programs to better support teachers. The study recommended expanding In-Service Training and post-graduate options and promoting access to special education training and study abroad opportunities. Tailored sessions should address specific needs, with continuous support to sustain teachers’ confidence and effectiveness. Further research is suggested on digital learning platforms, mentorship roles, and integrating soft skills training to deepen understanding of professional development's impact on teaching.

Keywords : Challenges, Classroom Management, Educational Outcomes, Instructional Methods, Professional Development, Teacher Confidence.

References :

  1. Aelterman N, Vansteenkiste M, Van Keer H, et al. (2013) Development and evaluation of training on need supportive teaching in physical education: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Teaching and Teacher Education 29: 64–75.
  2. Ahmad Zaky El Islami, R., et al. "Trends of Teacher Professional Development Strategies: A Systematic Review." Shanlax International Journal of Education, vol. 10, no. 2, 2022, pp. 1–8.
  3. Ahmed, G., Arshad, M., & Tayyab, M. (2020). Study of Effects of ICT on Professional Development of Teachers at University Level. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 13(1), 1-18. doi: 10.1145/3391753.3391756
  4. Ajani, O. A. (2020). Teachers' Professional Development in South African High Schools: How Well Does It Suit Their Professional Needs? Journal of Educational Studies, 10(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jes.20201002.11
  5. Ajani, O.A. (2019). Understanding teachers as adult learners in professional development activities for enhanced classroom practices, AFFRIKA, Journal of Politics, Economics, and Society, 9(2), 195-208.
  6. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  7. Alruqi, S. M. (2020). Teachers' Perceptions Towards Professional Development Training Courses: Exploring the Effects on Teachers' Performance in the Saudi Context. Journal of Education and Teacher Development, 12(2), 1-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jetd.20201202.11
  8. Ancho, I. V., & Arrieta, G. S. (2021). Filipino Teacher Professional Development in the New Normal: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Teacher Education and Research, 12(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jter.20211202.11
  9. Andersson, K., Sandgren, O., & Rosqvist, I. (2020). Enhancing teachers’ classroom communication skills – Measuring the effect of a continued professional development program for mainstream school teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97(102), 1-12.
  10. Aquino, J. M. D., Palad, I. P., & Simbre, A. P. (2020). Filipino Teachers’ Aspiration on their Personal and Professional Development. Journal of Education and Development Studies, 10(1), 13-25. doi: 10.11648/j.jeds.20201001.14
  11. Ayanwoye, O. K. (2019). Effects of Teachers' Professional Development on Students' Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 12(2), 1-12.
  12. Banderlipe, M. R. I. S. (2020). Teachers as Builders: Professional Development and Community Participation of Public-School Teachers in Metro Manila, Philippines. Journal of Education and Social Development, 10(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jesd.10.2.11
  13. Bautista, R. G. (2020). Continuing Professional Development Program as Evidenced by the Lenses of QSU Licensed Professional Teachers. Journal of Teacher Education and Development, 10(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jted.20201002.11
  14. Bautista, R. G. (2020). Lesson Study and Its Impact on Professional Development: The Case of Quirino Province, Philippines. Journal of Education and Development Studies, 12(1), 1-12.
  15. Bergmann J., & Sams A. (2012). Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day. Education Week.
  16. Birman, B. F., Desimone, L., Porter, A. C., & Garet, M. S. (2019). Designing Professional Development That Works. Educational Leadership, 77(4), 36-41.
  17. Black P., & William D. (1998). Assessment for Learning: Beyond Testing. School Science Review, 80(292), 27-32.
  18. Bryk A.S., Gomez L.M., & Grunow A. (2015). Teacher Professional Development: What Matters? Educational Leadership, 72(7), 14-20.
  19. Cahapay, M. (2020). Rethinking education in the new normal post-COVID19 era: studies perspective. Aquademia. 4(2) ep20018. ISSN 254-4874.
  20. Coe, R., & Aloisi, C. (2018). The Impact of Professional Development on Teacher Quality: Insights from Effective Schools. Educational Research Review, 25, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.08.003
  21. Coldwell, M., 2017. Exploring the influence of professional development on teacher careers: a path model approach.
  22. Confesor, R. F., & Belmi, R. M. (2020). Structure, Activities and Teacher Development in the Philippine Science Teachers' Community of Practice. Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 10(2), 1-15. doi: 10.11648/j.jeaps.20201002.11
  23. Darling-Hammond L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy options from a research perspective. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(1), 1-53.
  24. Darling-Hammond, L., & Richardson, N. (2009). Teacher learning: What matters? Educational Leadership, 66(5), 46-53.
  25. Darling-Hammond, Linda, et al. Effective Teacher Professional Development. Learning Policy Institute, 2017.
  26. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuit: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  27. Department of Education (DepEd). (2015). "National Adoption and Implementation of the National Professional Development Framework for Teachers."
  28. DepEd Order No. 12, s. 2020. Adoption of Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) for School Year 2020-2021 in the Light of COVID-19 Public Health Emergency.
  29. DepEd Order No. 42, s. 2017. National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers.
  30. DepEd. (2020). Philippine Basic Education Curriculum.
  31. Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving Impact Studies of Teachers’ Professional Development: Toward a Better Understanding of “What Works.” Educational Policy, 23(1), 40-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904808315008
  32. Desimone, L. M., & Garet, M. S. (2015). Best practices in teacher's professional development in the United States.
  33. Desimone, L., & Garet, M. S. (2015). Best Practices in Professional Development: A Synthesis of the Literature. Educational Policy, 29(5), 774-805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904814543220
  34. Dicdiquin, J. B., Mobo, F. D., & Cutillas, A. L. (2020). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Professional Development Programs for Junior High School Mathematics Teachers in Improving Mathematics Instruction in the K to 12 Curriculum in the Philippines. Journal of Educational Research and Review, 10(1), 1-12.
  35. Elmore, R.F. (2002). Bridging the gap Between Standards and Achievement: The Imperative Professional Development in Education. New York: Albert Shanker Institute
  36. Espiritu, R. D. (2020). Awareness and Competency of Pre-Service Teachers on the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST): A Basis for Training Program. Journal of Education and Human Development, 9(2), 1-12.
  37. Fairman, J. C., Smith, D. J., Pullen, P. C., & Lebel, S. J. (2016). The challenge of keeping teacher professional development relevant. Educational Leadership, 73(8), 36-41.
  38. Fajardo, C. V. R. (2021). Heightening the Professional Development of Teachers Amidst Pandemic in the Philippines: A Case Study. Journal of Education and Human Development, 10(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jehd.20201002.11
  39. Foy, C. (2019). The Influence of Role Models in the Development of Ethical Leadership Behaviors. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 13806314
  40. Garet, M. S., Porter, A. C., Desimone, L., Birman, B. F., & Yoon, K. S. (2001). "What Makes Professional Development Effective? Results from a Study of the Effect of Professional Development on Teachers’ Instructional Practices." American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 915-945.
  41. Generalao, I. N., & Ducanes, G. (2020). Teacher Education in the Philippines: Are We Meeting the Demand for Quality? Journal of Education and Human Development, 9(1), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jehd.20200901.11
  42. Gonong, G.O. (2018). Addressing teacher professional development issues: supporting teacher quality. [Conference presentation]. Education Summit.
  43. Gonzales, R. D. L. (2020). Classroom Assessment Practices of Filipino Teachers: Measurement and Impact of Professional Development. Journal of Education and Human Development, 9(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11648/j.jehd.20200902.11
  44. Goodhue, D. (2016). There is no "I" in co-teacher: Team-building professional development to support high school co-teachers, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 10024986.
  45. Gordon, S. P., & Maxey, S. (2016). The Teacher Development Series: A Focus on the Coaching Cycle. Educational Leadership, 73(5), 66-70.
  46. Gore J, Lloyd A, Smith M, et al. (2017) Effects of professional development on the quality of teaching: Results from a randomized controlled trial of quality teaching rounds. Teaching and Teacher Education 68: 99–113.
  47. Guskey T.R. (2002). Professional Development and Teacher Change: What Really Matters? Journal of Teacher Education, 53(1), 10-24.
  48. Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 8(3), 311-326.
  49. Hallinger, P. and Kulophas, D., 2019. The evolving knowledge base on leadership and teacher professional learning: a bibliometric analysis of the literature, 1960–2018. Professional development in education. doi: 10.1080/ 19415257.2019.1623287
  50. Hanushek, E. A., & Rivkin, S. G. (2015). "Teacher Quality." In Handbook of the Economics of Education (Vol. 5, pp. 186-220). Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/bs.hesedu.2015.03.002.
  51. Harrison, L. K. (2019). Educator Mi conduct in Idaho: A Quantitative Analysis. Northwest Nazarene University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  52. Hattie J (2009) Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. London:Routledge.
  53. Hill H.C., Ball D.L., & Schilling S.G. (2016). Unpacking the Conceptual Frameworks Underlying Professional Development Research. Teachers College Record, 118(12), n12.
  54. Hmelo-Silver C.E. (2004). Problem-Based Learning: What and How Do Students Learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235-266.
  55. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). Learning together: Understanding cooperation, competition, and individualism. Interaction Book Company.
  56. Johnson, K. E. (2013). Research on teacher effectiveness: Implications for teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 64(3), 231-244.
  57. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 26 (2), 121–137. doi:10.1007/s10972-014-9411-2
  58. Knezek, G., & Christensen, R. (2011). Effective uses of technology in education: A review of the research. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 20(2), 11-28.
  59. Ladd H.F. (2011). Teacher Professional Development: A Review of Research on Effects on Teacher Outcomes and Student Achievement. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
  60. Lawless, K. A., & Pellegrino, J. W. (2007). Professional development in integrating technology into teaching and learning: Knowns, unknowns, and ways to pursue better questions and answers, Review of Educational Research, 77(4), pp.575–615. doi:10.3102/0034654307309921.
  61. Lee S.H. (2018). Teacher Leadership in Singapore: A Study of Teacher Leadership Development in Singapore Schools. Journal of Educational Administration.

The study examined how professional development programs impact teachers’ confidence and competence in adopting new instructional methods and technologies at Prieto-Diaz National High School. Focusing on enhancing educational quality, it explored the types of professional development teachers engage in, such as In-Service Training, post-graduate studies, workshops, and seminars, and how these contribute to self-efficacy, teaching strategies, classroom management, and overall practices. Using a mixed-method approach, the researcher integrated quantitative and qualitative data from 35 teachers through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. Surveys captured teachers’ views on their professional development experiences and needs. Interviews provided deeper insights into the programs’ effectiveness, while classroom observations assessed changes in teaching practices. The findings showed that In-Service Training is the most attended program, followed by post-graduate studies and workshops. Participation in these programs notably boosts teachers’ self-efficacy, lesson planning, and instructional strategies. Additionally, teachers reported improved classroom management and assessment practices, leading to better student learning outcomes. However, challenges were also identified, including limited resources, insufficient time to implement new methods, and difficulty in adapting strategies for diverse student needs. These issues emphasized the need for educators, administrators, and policymakers to redesign professional development programs to better support teachers. The study recommended expanding In-Service Training and post-graduate options and promoting access to special education training and study abroad opportunities. Tailored sessions should address specific needs, with continuous support to sustain teachers’ confidence and effectiveness. Further research is suggested on digital learning platforms, mentorship roles, and integrating soft skills training to deepen understanding of professional development's impact on teaching.

Keywords : Challenges, Classroom Management, Educational Outcomes, Instructional Methods, Professional Development, Teacher Confidence.

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe