Authors : Himanshi Kumari; Ram Kumar; Sandeep K. Jha; Abhishek Kumar; Kumar P. Chandra; Ajit R. Kulkarni; K. Prasad

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/53s6vx6s

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/33ypdtfr

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul270

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Abstract : High dielectric constant materials are gaining significant attention due to their increasing demand in critical sectors such as aerospace, aeronautics, power generation, and the automotive industry. This work undertakes the structural, microstructural, dielectric, and AC conductivity studies of the ceramic system Ba₀.₈₃₅Ca₀.₁₆₅Zr₀.₀₉Ti₀.₉₁O₃, synthesized via the conventional mixed oxide reaction process. X-ray diffraction analysis ascertained the formation of a perovskite-type tetragonal structure having the space group P4/mmm. The average grain size of the ceramic was estimated to be ~6 μm. At room temperature and 1 kHz, the dielectric constant and tangent loss were obtained to be 4351 and 0.015, respectively. Besides, the dielectric capacitor exhibited a resonance frequency above 0.66 MHz at 800°C that shifted to 0.16 MHz at 850°C. AC conductivity analysis suggests a hopping-type charge transport mechanism, consistent with the jump relaxation model, and an apparent activation energy of 0.66 eV at 1 Hz. These results indicated the potential of the present lead-free ceramic material for future industrial applications.

Keywords : Ceramic; Lead Free; Solid-State Reaction; Dielectric Constant; Phase Transition; Electrical Conduction.

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