Authors :
Apiyanteide F; Nabai O.E; Adika V.O; Boss J.S; Danjuma I
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 5 - May
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/3jes24x4
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/9m9kc48r
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY328
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Measles is an issue of public health concern
responsible for outbreaks and death of children
especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to
determine the effectiveness of mass vaccination against
measles in Yobe State, Northeast Nigeria. An ecological
epidemiological study design involving the collection of
secondary data from the same population was carried
out over a period of two years. These data were collected
from Epidemiology Unit of Yobe State Primary
Healthcare Development Board from the Integrated
Disease Surveillance Response database which collects
records of notifiable diseases in Nigeria. All cases of
measles within the period under review (2016-2017) were
included and a comparison of the number of cases and
deaths from measles reported in two different periods
before supplementary immunization activity or mass
vaccination against measles (2016) and after
supplementary immunization activity against measles in
the state (2017) was done. The mass vaccination
intervention was conducted within first week of January
2017 as a measure to address outbreaks of measles in the
state. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 22. A total of
4242 cases were reported during the study period.
3780(89.1%) in 2016 (before mass vaccination) and
462(10.9%) were reported in 2017 (after mass
vaccination). A total of 556 deaths with case fatality rate
of 13.1% was recorded during the study period.
Majority of the deaths 525(94.4%) occurred in 2016
when there was no mass vaccination while few 31(5.6%)
occurred in 2017 after the mass vaccination. Mass
vaccination resulted in a 78.2% decline in number of
cases and 88.8% decline in the number of deaths from
measles. There was a statistical significant difference in
the number of cases and mortality from measles pre and
post mass vaccination against the disease in Yobe state.
Paired sample t-test done revealed a monthly case
distribution mean of 276.6 (95% CI 89.8 to 463.3) with
alpha set at 0.05, P = 0.008 while monthly mortality
mean was 41.1 (95% CI 15.5 to 66.7) with alpha set at
0.05, P = 0.005. Mass vaccination against measles
therefore confers immunity and herd immunity to
populations with a subsequent significant decline in
morbidity and mortality associated with the measles
infection. It is therefore recommended that this initiative
be sustained for every two years or possibly yearly to
ensure elimination of measles in the Sub-Saharan Africa
region and the World at large.
Keywords :
Effectiveness, Measles, Mass Vaccination, Morbidity, Mortality.
References :
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Measles is an issue of public health concern
responsible for outbreaks and death of children
especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to
determine the effectiveness of mass vaccination against
measles in Yobe State, Northeast Nigeria. An ecological
epidemiological study design involving the collection of
secondary data from the same population was carried
out over a period of two years. These data were collected
from Epidemiology Unit of Yobe State Primary
Healthcare Development Board from the Integrated
Disease Surveillance Response database which collects
records of notifiable diseases in Nigeria. All cases of
measles within the period under review (2016-2017) were
included and a comparison of the number of cases and
deaths from measles reported in two different periods
before supplementary immunization activity or mass
vaccination against measles (2016) and after
supplementary immunization activity against measles in
the state (2017) was done. The mass vaccination
intervention was conducted within first week of January
2017 as a measure to address outbreaks of measles in the
state. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 22. A total of
4242 cases were reported during the study period.
3780(89.1%) in 2016 (before mass vaccination) and
462(10.9%) were reported in 2017 (after mass
vaccination). A total of 556 deaths with case fatality rate
of 13.1% was recorded during the study period.
Majority of the deaths 525(94.4%) occurred in 2016
when there was no mass vaccination while few 31(5.6%)
occurred in 2017 after the mass vaccination. Mass
vaccination resulted in a 78.2% decline in number of
cases and 88.8% decline in the number of deaths from
measles. There was a statistical significant difference in
the number of cases and mortality from measles pre and
post mass vaccination against the disease in Yobe state.
Paired sample t-test done revealed a monthly case
distribution mean of 276.6 (95% CI 89.8 to 463.3) with
alpha set at 0.05, P = 0.008 while monthly mortality
mean was 41.1 (95% CI 15.5 to 66.7) with alpha set at
0.05, P = 0.005. Mass vaccination against measles
therefore confers immunity and herd immunity to
populations with a subsequent significant decline in
morbidity and mortality associated with the measles
infection. It is therefore recommended that this initiative
be sustained for every two years or possibly yearly to
ensure elimination of measles in the Sub-Saharan Africa
region and the World at large.
Keywords :
Effectiveness, Measles, Mass Vaccination, Morbidity, Mortality.