Authors :
Agnes Hugo Dolosa
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/a3jbe54z
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/ynnw5x2z
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr100
Google Scholar
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Note : Google Scholar may take 15 to 20 days to display the article.
Abstract :
In a normal daily teaching-learning scenario, schoolchildren manifest varied forms of behaviors. Some
behaviors are facilitative in achieving the learning goals, while disruptive behaviors are inevitable. Thus, this study looked
into the disruptive behaviors manifested by intermediate pupils or those belonging to the Key Stage 2 learners in the
classroom, the classroom management strategies employed by teachers to reduce disruptive behavior, the level of
effectiveness of the classroom management strategies, and the issues of teachers in dealing with the learners’ disruptive
behaviors. This descriptive survey research collected data through a questionnaire from the teacher-respondents and
treated the generated data using the quantitative approach. It was found that the topmost disruptive behaviors manifested
by the Key Stage 2 learners in the classroom were the creation of unproductive noise, lack of active listening, bullying of
their classmates, interrupting lessons, lack of focus, and roaming around. Meanwhile, classroom management strategies
commonly employed by the teachers were immediately calling the learners' attention, setting the classroom norms,
assigning them as duty bearers, employing inverted persuasion, using peer support, integrating technology in lessons, and
involving parents or guardians. All these strategies were found effective by the teachers. Despite the strategies employed
by the teachers to manage the learners’ disruptive behaviors, they were still confronted with issues such as the limited time
of parents to cooperate in addressing the learners’ misbehavior, the uncomfortable impact of the misconduct on the
majority of learners, limited support on activities towards behavior modification, and teachers found the process of
mitigating disruptive behaviors as physically and emotionally draining on their part. These findings propelled the
researcher to propose a set of positive reinforcement activities to manage learners’ behavior.
Keywords :
Behavior Modification, Inverted Persuasion, Key Stage 2 Learners, Learners’ Disruptive Behavior, Positive Discipline
References :
- Abeygunawardena, K. A. V., & Vithanapathirana, M. V. (2019). The role of teacher to address issues of disruptive behavior of student learners in mathematics classrooms: A study in the Sri Lankan context. PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning, 2(3), 152-173
- Ahmed, N., & du Plessis, P. (2024). The Role of Classroom Management in Enhancing Learners’ Academic Performance:Teachers’ Experiences. Studies in Learning and Teaching, 5(1), 1-16. Retrieved from https://scie-journal.com/index.php/SiLeT/article/view/364
- Akalin, S., & Sucuoglu, B. (2015). Effects of classroom management intervention based on teacher training and performance feedback on outcomes of Teacher-Student DYADs in inclusive classrooms. Educational Sciences Theory & Practice. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.3.2543
- Arduini-Van Hoose, N.(2023).Classroom Management and Why It Matters. In Educational Psychology. Retrieved from https://edpsych.pressbooks.sunycreate.cloud/chapter/classroom-management-and- why-it-matters/
- Aspiranti, K. B., Bebech, A., & Osiniak, K. (2018). Incorporating a class-wide behavioral system to decrease disruptive behaviors in the inclusive classroom. Youngstown State University.
- Azpiazu, L., Antonio-Aguirre, I., Izar-de-la-Funte, I., & Fernández-Lasarte, O. (2024). School adjustment in adolescence explained by social support, resilience and positive affect. European Journal of Psychology of Education.Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10212-023-00785-3
- Bear, G. G., Cavalier, A. R., & Manning, M. A. (2005). Developing self-discipline and preventing and correcting misbehavior. In Pearson eBooks. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA74227764
- Beck, A. T. (1976). *Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders*. International Universities Press.
- Bozkuş, K. (2021). A Systematic Review of Studies on Classroom Management from 1980 to 2019. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 13(4), 433-441. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1297870.pdf
- Brown, A. (2020). Understanding classroom disruption: A review of factors and interventions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 456-470.
- Castillones, C. S. (2024). Disruptive behavior in the classroom: The students’ perspective. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(5), 508-520. Retrieved from https://www.ijams-bbp.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/5-IJAMS-MAY-2024-508-520.pdf.
- Cheng, Y., & Chen, Y. (2018). Enhancing Classroom Management through Parental Involvement by Using Social Networking Apps. South African Journal of Education, 38(2), 1-10. Retrieved from https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256- 01002018000600010
- Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). *Applied behavior analysis*. Pearson.
- Cooper, L., & Frantz, K. (2020). The relationship between classroom environment and student course attrition and perceptions of engagement. Journal of Learning Spaces, 9(2), 93-102. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1273638.pdf.
- Cruz, J., & Santiago, M. (2022). Challenges in managing disruptive behaviors in Filipino classrooms. Philippine Journal of Education, 39(1), 45-62.
- Del Rosario, A., & Tan, L. (2023). Cultural and socio-economic influences on student behavior in the Philippines. Asian Education Review, 29(3), 98-112.
- DiGennaro, F. D., Martens, B. K., & Kleinmann, A. E. (2017). A comparison of performance feedback procedures on teacher’s implementation integrity and students’ inappropriate behaviour in special education classrooms. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 447- 461.
- Drexel University School of Education. (n.d.). How to Integrate Technology in the Classroom. Retrieved from https://drexel.edu/soe/resources/student-teaching/advice/how-to-use- technology-in-the-classroom/
- Đurišić, M., & Bunijevac, M. (2017). Parental Involvement as an Important Factor for Successful Education. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 7(3), 137-153. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1156936.pdf
- Epstein, J. L. (2016). School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Preparing Educators and Improving Schools (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Evertson, C., Poole, I., & the IRIS Center. (2003). Establishing Classroom Norms & Expectations. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/wp-content/uploads/pdf_case_studies/IRIS_establishing_classroom_norms_and_expectations_case_study.pdf
- Fairbanks, S., Sugai, G., Guardino, D., & Lathrop, M. (2007). Response to intervention: Examining classroom behaviour support in second grade. Exceptional Children, 73(3), 288-310.
- Franklin, H., & Harrington, I. (2019). A Review into Effective Classroom Management and Strategies for Student Engagement. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(12), 1- 16. Retrieved from https://rune.une.edu.au/web/bitstream/1959.11/27556/6/openpublished/AReviewHa rrington2019JournalArticle.pdf
- Ghavifekr, S., & Rosdy, W. A. W. (2015). Teaching and Learning with Technology: Effectiveness of ICT Integration in Schools. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 1(2), 175-191. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105224.pdf
- Gleason, M. M., Goldson, E., Yogman, M. W., & COUNCIL ON EARLY CHILDHOOD; COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH; SECTION ON DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS. (2016). Addressing early childhood emotional and behavioral problems. Pediatrics, 138(6), e20163025. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3025
- Harris, M., & Fallot, R. D. (2001). Using trauma theory to design service systems. Jossey-Bass.
- Henig, J., Riehl, C., Rebell, M., & Wolff, J. (2014). TC team to study collective impact approach to education reform. Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrievedfrom https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2014/march/tc-team-to-study-collective- impact-approach-to-education-ref/
- Iqbal, Z., & Zahoor, I. (2024). Students’ behavioral problems in the classroom and coping strategies: Experiences of secondary school teachers. Bulletin of Education and Research, 46(1), 107-129.
- Jacob, L., & Aloka, P. J. (2023). Identification of problematic behaviors among learners in classrooms by teachers in primary schools South Africa. International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS), 7(1), 147-158.
- Johnson, L., & Lee, M. (2023). Diverse classrooms and behavior management: Strategies and challenges. Australian Journal of Education, 67(1), 15-30.
- Kern, L., & Clemens, N. H. (2017). Antecedent strategies to promote appropriate classroom behavior. Psychology in the Schools, 44(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20206
- Kim, A. J., & Rodriguez, L. M. (2023). Effects of mandatory homeschooling during COVID-19 on conflict in romantic couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 37(2), 275-281
- Kleinman, K. E., & Saigh, P. A. (2011). The effects of the good behavior game on the conduct of regular education New York City high school students. Behavior Modification, 35(1), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445510392213
- Kraft, M. A., & Blazar, D. (2017). Individualized coaching to improve teacher practice across grades and subjects. Educational Policy. Retrieved from https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mkraft/files/kraft_blazar_2017_individualized_coaching_to_improve_teacher_practice_ep.pdf
- Krasniqi, D., & Ismajli, H. (2022). Teacher evaluation feedback and their Self-Efficacy in Classroom Management skills. Lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2022.275
- Lee, J. Y., & Patel, S. J. (2020). An Innovating Business Model for the Higher Education Sector: A Platform-Based Approach to University Career Services. Industry and Higher Education, 34, 91-99. This paper discusses a new business model for higher education, focusing on university career services
- Martinez, R., & Wighting, M. (2023). Teacher-Student Relationships: Impact of positive Behavioral interventions and Supports. Athens Journal of Education, 10(3), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.30958/aje.10-3-2
- Medland, M. B., & Stachnik, T. J. (1972). Good behavior game: A replication and systematic analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5(1), 45- 51. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1972.5-45
- Mitchell, B. S., Hirn, R. G., & Lewis, T. J. (2017). Enhancing Effective Classroom Management in Schools: Structures for Changing Teacher Behavior. Teacher Education and Special Education, 40(2), 140-153. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1137898.pdf
- Mkonto, N. (2015). Students’ learning preferences. Journal of Studies in Education, 5(3), 926-937. https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v5i3.8125
- Ng, M. (2019). Teachers’ experiences with disruptive student behaviour: A grounded theory study. Academia.edu. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/69009931/Teachers_experiences_with_disruptive_student_behaviour_A_grounded_theory_study.
- Nguyen, T. D., Cannata, M., & Miller, J. (2016). Understanding student behavioral engagement: Importance of student interaction with peers and teachers. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2016.1220359
- Oliver, R. M., Wehby, J. H., & Reschly, D. J. (2015). Teacher classroom management practices: Effects on disruptive or aggressive student behavior. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 7(1),1 55. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2011.4
- Pajarillo-Aquino, I. (2019). The classroom environment and its effects on the students' academic performance of the College of Teacher Education. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 8(3), 63-76. Retrieved from https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Mar2019/G-2628.pdf.
- Paolini, A. & Kean University. (2015). Enhancing teaching effectiveness and student learning outcomes. In The Journal of Effective Teaching (Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 20–33) [Journal- article]. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1060429.pdf
- Parsonson, B. S. (2015). Evidence-based classroom behaviour management strategies. Kairaranga, 13(1), 16-23. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ976654.pdf
- Parsonson, B. S. (2015). Evidence-based classroom behaviour management strategies. Kairaranga, 13(1), 16-23. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ976654.pdf.
- Paige, A. (n.d.). 12 Best Behavior Management Techniques for the Classroom. SplashLearn. Retrieved from https://www.splashlearn.com/blog/behavior-management-techniques-for- the-classroom/
- Rakiro, L., Otara, A., Otengah, W., & Rongo University. (2021). Effectiveness Of School Principals’ Positive Reinforcement Approach On Management Of Students’ Discipline In Public Secondary Schools In Migori County, Kenya [Journal-article]. American International Journal of Business Management (AIJBM), 4(11), 17–43. https://www.aijbm.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/B4111743.pdf
- Recalde, J. M., Palau, R., & Márquez, M. (2021). How classroom acoustics influence students and teachers: A systematic literature review. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 11(2), 245. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1098
- Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., Newcomer, L., & University of Missouri. (2016). The briefStudent–Teacher Classroom Interaction Observation: Using dynamic indicators of behaviors in the classroom to predict outcomes and inform practice. In Assessment for Effective Intervention (Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 32–42) [Journal-article]. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508416641605
- Sarokoff, R. A., & Sturmey, P. (2004). The effects of behavioral skills training on staff implementation of discrete-trial teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37(4), 535-538. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535
- Sayal, K., Washbrook, E., & Propper, C. (2015). Childhood behavior problems and academic outcomes in adolescence: Longitudinal population-based study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(5), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.02.007
- Scheeler, M. C., McKinnon, K., & Stout, J. (2011). Effects of immediate feedback delivered via webcam and bug-in-ear technology on preservice teacher performance. Teacher Education and Special Education, 35(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406411401919
- Shao, Y., Kang, S., Lu, Q., Zhang, C., & Li, R. (2024). How peer relationships affect academic achievement among junior high school students: The chain mediating roles of learning motivation and learning engagement. BMC Psychology, 12, Article 278. Retrieved from https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-024-01780-z.
- Sheridan, S. M., Holmes, S. R., Coutts, M. J., & Smith, T. E. (2017). Preliminary effects of conjoint behavioral consultation in rural communities. R2Ed Working Paper No. 2012-1. Retrieved from https://r2ed.unl.edu/resources/downloads/2012-wp/2012_1_Sheridan_Holmes_Coutts_Smith.pdf
- Simonsen, B., Fairbanks, S., Briesch, A., Myers, D., & Sugai, G. (2016). Evidence-based practices in classroom management: Considerations for research to practice. Education and Treatment of Children, 31(3), 351-380. https://doi.org/10.1353/etc.0.0007
- Sinclair, A. C., Gesel, S. A., LeJeune, L. M., & Lemons, C. J. (2019). A review of the evidence for real-time performance feedback to improve instructional practice. The Journal of Special Education, 54(2), 90-100. DOI: 10.1177/0022466919878470
- Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press.
- Smith, J. A., & Nizza, I. E. (2022). Essentials of interpretative phenomenological analysis. American Psychological Association. This book provides a comprehensive guide to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), focusing on lived experiences and how people make sense of these experiences within their personal and social worlds
- Stout, M. (2024). Performance Feedback Influence on Special Education Teacher Self-Efficacy (Doctoral dissertation, Liberty University). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/5764.
- Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (2009). Response to intervention and schoolwide positive behavior supports: Integration of multi-tiered systems. Exceptional Children, 75(3), 296-309.
- Sulzer-Azaroff, B., & Mayer, G. R. (1991). Behavior analysis for lasting change. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
- Swinson, J., & Knight, R. (2007). Teacher verbal feedback directed towards secondary pupils withchallenging behaviour and its relationship to their behaviour. Educational Psychology in Practice, 23(3), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667360701507327
- Tan, C. Y. (2024). Socioeconomic status and student learning: Insights from an umbrella review. Educational Psychology Review, 36, Article 100. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-024-09929-3.
- Taylor, R. D., Oberle, E., Durlak, J. A., & Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Promoting positive youth development through school‐based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta‐ analysis of follow‐up effects. Child Development, 88(4), 1156–1171. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12864
- Unlu, V. (2017, December 11). Managing disruptive behaviour in the classroom. Cambridge English. https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2017/12/11/managing-disruptive-behaviour- in-the-classroom/
- Wan Yusoff, W. M., & Mansor, N. (2016). The effectiveness of strategies used by teachers to manage disruptive classroom behaviors: A case study at a religious school in Rawang, Selangor. IIUM Journal of Educational Studies, 4(1), 133-150. Retrieved from https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijes/index.php/iejs/article/view/87.
- Weissberg, R. (2016b, February 15). Why social and emotional learning is essential for students. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/why-sel-essential-for-students-weissberg- durlak-domitrovich-gullotta
- Whalen, C., & Moore, A. (2023). Preparing educators to address the rising problem of behavior problems. RethinkEd. Retrieved from https://www.rethinked.com/wp- content/uploads/2023/10/preparing-educators-address-rising-problem-behavior-problems- white-paper-rethinked.pdf.
- White, G., & Thomas, H. (2022). Innovative approaches to managing disruptive behavior in Australian schools. Educational Research and Reviews, 17(2), 78-93.
- White, L. (2018). Peer Support: A Collaborative Approach to Teacher Improvement. BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education, 10(1), 8-18. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230261.pdf
In a normal daily teaching-learning scenario, schoolchildren manifest varied forms of behaviors. Some
behaviors are facilitative in achieving the learning goals, while disruptive behaviors are inevitable. Thus, this study looked
into the disruptive behaviors manifested by intermediate pupils or those belonging to the Key Stage 2 learners in the
classroom, the classroom management strategies employed by teachers to reduce disruptive behavior, the level of
effectiveness of the classroom management strategies, and the issues of teachers in dealing with the learners’ disruptive
behaviors. This descriptive survey research collected data through a questionnaire from the teacher-respondents and
treated the generated data using the quantitative approach. It was found that the topmost disruptive behaviors manifested
by the Key Stage 2 learners in the classroom were the creation of unproductive noise, lack of active listening, bullying of
their classmates, interrupting lessons, lack of focus, and roaming around. Meanwhile, classroom management strategies
commonly employed by the teachers were immediately calling the learners' attention, setting the classroom norms,
assigning them as duty bearers, employing inverted persuasion, using peer support, integrating technology in lessons, and
involving parents or guardians. All these strategies were found effective by the teachers. Despite the strategies employed
by the teachers to manage the learners’ disruptive behaviors, they were still confronted with issues such as the limited time
of parents to cooperate in addressing the learners’ misbehavior, the uncomfortable impact of the misconduct on the
majority of learners, limited support on activities towards behavior modification, and teachers found the process of
mitigating disruptive behaviors as physically and emotionally draining on their part. These findings propelled the
researcher to propose a set of positive reinforcement activities to manage learners’ behavior.
Keywords :
Behavior Modification, Inverted Persuasion, Key Stage 2 Learners, Learners’ Disruptive Behavior, Positive Discipline