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Effect of Foam Pad Balance Training Versus Retro Walking Along with Pilates on Pain, Physical Function and Balance Ability in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomised Clinical Trial


Authors : Khushi Sanjay Arjapure; Dr. Anurag Mehta; Dr. Kalpana Deshmukh

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yxj8e7r4

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1175

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Background: Knee osteoarthritis is associated with pain, restricted physical function, and impaired balance. Exercise is a central component of conservative care, but the relative effects of foam-pad balance training and retro walking when each is combined with Pilates require comparison.  Aim: To compare the effects of foam-pad balance training combined with Pilates versus retro walking combined with Pilates on pain, physical function, and balance ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.  Objective: To compare the effects of foam-pad balance training plus Pilates with retro walking plus Pilates on pain, physical function and balance ability in adults with knee osteoarthritis using the WOMAC and the Berg Balance Scale.

Keywords : Knee Osteoarthritis; Foam-Pad Balance Training; Retro Walking; Pilates; WOMAC; Berg Balance Scale; Randomised Clinical Trial.

References :

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  4. Jeong HS, Lee SC, Jee H, Song JB, Chang HS, Lee SY. Proprioceptive training and outcomes of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Athl Train. 2019;54(4):418-428.
  5. Alghadir AH, Anwer S. Effect of retro and forward walking on quadriceps muscle strength, pain, function, and mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:161. doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1021-z.
  6. Shen P, Li S, Li L, Fong DTP, Mao D, Song Q. Balance control is sequentially correlated with proprioception, joint range of motion, strength, pain, and plantar tactile sensation among older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Sports Med Open. 2024;10(1):70. doi:10.1186/s40798024-00735-3.
  7. Fransen M, McConnell S, Harmer AR, van der Esch M, Simic M, Bennell KL. Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(1):CD004376. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004376.pub3.
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  1. Krishnan V, Pithadia K. Effect of retro walking versus balance training on pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Bull Fac Phys Ther. 2021;26:19. doi:10.1186/s43161021-00035-x.
  2. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Sarkar B, Paul AK, Anwar D. Effect of 6-week retro or forward walking program on pain, functional disability, quadriceps muscle strength, and performance in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial (retro-walking trial). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20:159. doi:10.1186/s12891-019-2537-9.
  3. .Kaur R, Kaur H. Comparison of Pilates exercises and proprioceptive exercises on joint position sense in people with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Sci Res. 2016;5(2):906909.
  4. Mazloum V, Rabiei P, Rahnama N, Sabzehparvar E. The comparison of the effectiveness of conventional therapeutic exercises and Pilates on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;31:343-348. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.10.008.
  5. De Oliveira TMD, Felício DC, Elias Filho J, Castro RQ, Silva Gomides FJ, Pires LFP, et al. Effect of Pilates exercise on health-related outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2025;28(10):e70434. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.70434

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is associated with pain, restricted physical function, and impaired balance. Exercise is a central component of conservative care, but the relative effects of foam-pad balance training and retro walking when each is combined with Pilates require comparison.  Aim: To compare the effects of foam-pad balance training combined with Pilates versus retro walking combined with Pilates on pain, physical function, and balance ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.  Objective: To compare the effects of foam-pad balance training plus Pilates with retro walking plus Pilates on pain, physical function and balance ability in adults with knee osteoarthritis using the WOMAC and the Berg Balance Scale.

Keywords : Knee Osteoarthritis; Foam-Pad Balance Training; Retro Walking; Pilates; WOMAC; Berg Balance Scale; Randomised Clinical Trial.

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - November - 2026

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