Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare but severe entity, associated with inappropriate stimulation of macrophages in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs, the diagnosis is based on the association of clinical, biological and cyto-histological signs, this syndrome can be primary or secondary, it is rarely described in association with tuberculosis. We tend to report an uncommon case of a young immuno-competent patient with disseminated tuberculosis complicated by MAS, the prognosis is poor, with a mortality of nearly 50%; thus, it is necessary to focus on MAS as the result of its prevalence may be an issue of poor prognosis with critical implications.

Keywords : Disseminated tuberculosis / Macrophagic activation syndrome / Pancytopenia / Antibacterial therapy /immunosuppressive treatment