Authors : Mohammed Mutala Surazu

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 12 - December

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4m42vr3d

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2yspft5k

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25dec188

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Abstract : This paper examines the democratic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, emphasizing the contrasting trajectories, challenges, and impacts of democracies in the region post-communism. Whilst countries in Central Europe, such as Poland and the Czech Republic, have established stable parliamentary democracies characterized by cohesive political parties and organized electoral competition, Eastern European nations, especially those influenced by the former Soviet Union, experience volatility, fragmented party systems, and inconsistent governance structures. These differences are rooted in their distinct historical legacies and socio-political contexts and also the research further underscores the significance of political parties in consolidating democratic governance, with more stable and cohesive parties fostering predictable political environments in Central Europe. Conversely, Eastern Europe's parties often face fragmentation, leading to heightened political instability. External influences, notably from Western Europe and Russia, have played critical roles in shaping and impeding democratic consolidations. Western Europe's influence contributed to the development of more cohesive party systems and democratic institutions in Central Europe through integration, international cooperation, and adherence to European Union norms and standards. The study also explores the multifaceted challenges confronting democracy in the region, including weak civil societies, restrictions on media freedom, corruption, and external interference, which undermine democratic legitimacy and public trust. The rise of populist movements and authoritarian tendencies, particularly in Hungary and Poland, poses additional threats to democratic stability, prompting concerns over democratic backsliding and the resilience of institutions. Methodologically, the paper draws from secondary sources, official documents, empirical data, and contemporary media analyses to provide a comprehensive perspective on democratic transitions, governance, and civic engagement. It emphasizes the importance of civic participation, institutional reforms, and the role of civil society to address ongoing challenges effectively. In conclusion, the future of democracy in Eastern and Central Europe hinges on strengthening institutions, fostering civic participation, and mitigating external influences. While notable progress has been achieved, persistent challenges demand continuous efforts to consolidate democratic norms, enhance governance, and build resilient societies capable of withstanding internal and external pressures.

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