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Correlation of Craniofacial Parameters with Age Among Different Clans of Ebonyi State


Authors : John Chukwuebuka Abraham; Albert Nkereuwem Eteudo; Vincent Uchenna Uche; Linda Nwanneka Ebube; Clinton Ogbonnaya Njoku; Chika Emeka Igwe; Obasi Arinze Francis; Obinna Humphery Ekechi; Ikechi Chukwudi Mbaeri; Francis Chigozie Udeh; Michael Arinze Epete

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2knkcj3u

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul1477

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Abstract : Background: Craniofacial morphology is shaped by genetic, environmental, nutritional, and health factors, with sex, age, and ethnicity exerting strong influences. Nigeria’s ethnic diversity provides a unique context for such studies, yet Ebonyi State remains understudied. This study aimed to establish normative craniofacial values for adults in Ebonyi State and to determine sex-, clan-, age-, and BMI-related differences.  Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with 1,317 participants aged 18–60 years drawn from seven major clans (Izzi, Ikwo, Ngbo, Ohaozara, Afikpo, Ishielu, Ezza). Body weight and height were measured using standardized scales, while 21 craniofacial parameters were assessed with calipers and tapes following Martin and Saller’s protocols. Derived indices were computed. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and regression models.

Keywords : Craniofacial, Orthodontics, Forensic, Dimorphism, Ethnic Variation, Ebonyi State.

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Background: Craniofacial morphology is shaped by genetic, environmental, nutritional, and health factors, with sex, age, and ethnicity exerting strong influences. Nigeria’s ethnic diversity provides a unique context for such studies, yet Ebonyi State remains understudied. This study aimed to establish normative craniofacial values for adults in Ebonyi State and to determine sex-, clan-, age-, and BMI-related differences.  Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with 1,317 participants aged 18–60 years drawn from seven major clans (Izzi, Ikwo, Ngbo, Ohaozara, Afikpo, Ishielu, Ezza). Body weight and height were measured using standardized scales, while 21 craniofacial parameters were assessed with calipers and tapes following Martin and Saller’s protocols. Derived indices were computed. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and regression models.

Keywords : Craniofacial, Orthodontics, Forensic, Dimorphism, Ethnic Variation, Ebonyi State.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - August - 2026

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