Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Crack Formation by Three Different Heat Treated Single File Systems in Rotation Motion- A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study


Authors : Anakha Santhosh; Rajesh Pillai; Afzal A; Vineet R V; Arunima G S; Athira Ramesh ; Sandeep K V

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 2 - February


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4r8e3hbf

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4wm5h93k

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14881341


Abstract : Aim The aim of the study was to compare the dentinal crack formation by different heat treated single file systems ,namely TruNatomy ,One Curve, AF F One and Protaper F1 using Scanning Electron microscopy.  Materials And Methods Forty extracted mandibular premolars were taken. After cleaning the soft tissue debris and calculus from the surface of the teeth, the teeth were decoronated with a low speed diamond disc under water cooling to obtain the roots of standardized lengths of 12mm. In group 1, root canals were prepared with the TruNatomy files. In Group 2, One Curve files were used to prepare the canals. In Group 3, AF F One file was used . In Group 4, the root canals were prepared with Protaper F1. During cleaning and shaping ,irrigation was performed with sodium hypochlorite and normal saline. Then after root canal preparation ,all canals were irrigated with 2 ml distilled water and the roots were kept moist in distilled water throughout all experimental procedures to prevent the effect of dehydration on roots.  Conclusion TruNatomy rotary files produced fewer dentinal cracks when compared to other files tested. AF F One files caused statistically significant increase in dentinal crack formation than other tested groups.. There was no statistically significant difference in crack formation between One Curve and ProTaper Gold files.

Keywords : Dentinal Crack, Heat Treated Files, Scanning Electron Microscope.

References :

  1. Pedullà, E., Genovesi, F., Rapisarda, S., La Rosa, G. R., Grande, N. M., Plotino, G., & Adorno, C. G. (2017). Effects of 6 Single-File Systems on Dentinal Crack Formation. Journal of endodontics43(3), 456–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.038.
  2. R, Gupta & A, Tomer & S, Rohilla. (2016). Single file endodontics: boon or myth?. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences. 3. 102-105. 10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.2.18.
  3. Kuzekanani M. (2018). Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: Development of the Single-File Systems. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry8(5), 386–390. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_225_18
  4. Kumar, Sita & Gade, Vandana. (2015). Single File Niti-Rotary Systems. International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences. 4. 701. 10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2015/v4i1/79965.
  5. Sharma, P., Goel, M., Verma, S., Sachdeva, G.S., Sharma, N., & Kumar, V. (2017). Entering A New Era in Endodontics with Revolutionary Single File Systems: A Comprehensive Review.
  6. Bergmans, L., Van Cleynenbreugel, J., Beullens, M., Wevers, M., Van Meerbeek, B., & Lambrechts, P. (2002). Smooth flexible versus active tapered shaft design using NiTi rotary instruments. International endodontic journal35(10), 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00574.x
  7. Blum, J. Y., Machtou, P., Ruddle, C., & Micallef, J. P. (2003). Analysis of mechanical preparations in extracted teeth using ProTaper rotary instruments: value of the safety quotient. Journal of endodontics29(9), 567–575. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200309000-00007
  8. Pasqualini, D., Scotti, N., Tamagnone, L., Ellena, F., & Berutti, E. (2008). Hand-operated and rotary ProTaper instruments: a comparison of working time and number of rotations in simulated root canals. Journal of endodontics34(3), 314–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.12.017
  9. Yoldas, O., Yilmaz, S., Atakan, G., Kuden, C., & Kasan, Z. (2012). Dentinal microcrack formation during root canal preparations by different NiTi rotary instruments and the self-adjusting file. Journal of endodontics38(2), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.011
  10. Zupanc, J., Vahdat-Pajouh, N., & Schäfer, E. (2018). New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys - a review. International endodontic journal51(10), 1088–1103. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12924
  11. Bürklein, S., Tsotsis, P., & Schäfer, E. (2013). Incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation: reciprocating versus rotary instrumentation. Journal of endodontics39(4), 501–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.045

Aim The aim of the study was to compare the dentinal crack formation by different heat treated single file systems ,namely TruNatomy ,One Curve, AF F One and Protaper F1 using Scanning Electron microscopy.  Materials And Methods Forty extracted mandibular premolars were taken. After cleaning the soft tissue debris and calculus from the surface of the teeth, the teeth were decoronated with a low speed diamond disc under water cooling to obtain the roots of standardized lengths of 12mm. In group 1, root canals were prepared with the TruNatomy files. In Group 2, One Curve files were used to prepare the canals. In Group 3, AF F One file was used . In Group 4, the root canals were prepared with Protaper F1. During cleaning and shaping ,irrigation was performed with sodium hypochlorite and normal saline. Then after root canal preparation ,all canals were irrigated with 2 ml distilled water and the roots were kept moist in distilled water throughout all experimental procedures to prevent the effect of dehydration on roots.  Conclusion TruNatomy rotary files produced fewer dentinal cracks when compared to other files tested. AF F One files caused statistically significant increase in dentinal crack formation than other tested groups.. There was no statistically significant difference in crack formation between One Curve and ProTaper Gold files.

Keywords : Dentinal Crack, Heat Treated Files, Scanning Electron Microscope.

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