Authors :
Bassey, Samuel Nathaniel
Volume/Issue :
Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 11 - November
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/3pwst2b3
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/4krnwwha
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10224267
Abstract :
Biofuels derived from feedstocks like
lignocellulosic biomass are excellent substitutes for fossil
fuel as they are more environmentally advantaged and
eco-friendly than fossil fuel. The high cost of biomass
conversion to biofuel is the main factor impeding large-
scale biofuel production. This research project examined
the production of biofuel from locally sourced materials
obtained and processed at a very low cost. 40g of
cassava, plantain (ripe and unripe), and banana (ripe
and unripe) peels were pretreated using the physical
method which involved shredding, grinding, and heating
of substrates to increase the surface area for enzymatic
action. Gloeophyllum Sepiarium (Polypore mushroom)
and Pleurotus Ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) were used
to hydrolyse the substrate at room temperature for 7
days. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Baker yeast) was
further used to ferment the samples at room
temperature for 7 days. The fermented samples were
distilled at 78oC and the quantity of bioethanol produced
was determined. After the hydrolysis process, the
amount of sugar present in the samples was determined
using the DNS reagent method. The highest yield of
0.8859g/L was obtained in cassava peels, followed by
0.7440g/L in unripe banana peels, and the least was
obtained in ripe plantain peels with a yield of 0.5330g/L.
During fermentation of the samples using saccharomyces
cerevisiae, the quantity of reducing sugar present in the
samples was determined at a 24-hour interval. The value
obtained showed a steady decline in the quantity of
reducing sugar present in the samples indicating the
conversion of sugar to bioethanol. The quantity of
bioethanol distilled from the samples was highest in
cassava peels with a yield of 13.2cm3
and lowest in ripe
plantain with a yield of 3.9cm3
. This research project
revealed that the maximum yield of bioethanol can be
obtained on a large scale from cassava peels using low-
cost enzyme-producing organisms like mushrooms for
hydrolysis.
Keywords :
Cassava Peels, Banana peels, plantain peels, Bioethanol, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Gloeophyllum Sepiarium, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Renewable Energy, Biofuels, Sustainability.
Biofuels derived from feedstocks like
lignocellulosic biomass are excellent substitutes for fossil
fuel as they are more environmentally advantaged and
eco-friendly than fossil fuel. The high cost of biomass
conversion to biofuel is the main factor impeding large-
scale biofuel production. This research project examined
the production of biofuel from locally sourced materials
obtained and processed at a very low cost. 40g of
cassava, plantain (ripe and unripe), and banana (ripe
and unripe) peels were pretreated using the physical
method which involved shredding, grinding, and heating
of substrates to increase the surface area for enzymatic
action. Gloeophyllum Sepiarium (Polypore mushroom)
and Pleurotus Ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) were used
to hydrolyse the substrate at room temperature for 7
days. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Baker yeast) was
further used to ferment the samples at room
temperature for 7 days. The fermented samples were
distilled at 78oC and the quantity of bioethanol produced
was determined. After the hydrolysis process, the
amount of sugar present in the samples was determined
using the DNS reagent method. The highest yield of
0.8859g/L was obtained in cassava peels, followed by
0.7440g/L in unripe banana peels, and the least was
obtained in ripe plantain peels with a yield of 0.5330g/L.
During fermentation of the samples using saccharomyces
cerevisiae, the quantity of reducing sugar present in the
samples was determined at a 24-hour interval. The value
obtained showed a steady decline in the quantity of
reducing sugar present in the samples indicating the
conversion of sugar to bioethanol. The quantity of
bioethanol distilled from the samples was highest in
cassava peels with a yield of 13.2cm3
and lowest in ripe
plantain with a yield of 3.9cm3
. This research project
revealed that the maximum yield of bioethanol can be
obtained on a large scale from cassava peels using low-
cost enzyme-producing organisms like mushrooms for
hydrolysis.
Keywords :
Cassava Peels, Banana peels, plantain peels, Bioethanol, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Gloeophyllum Sepiarium, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Renewable Energy, Biofuels, Sustainability.
