Authors :
Heba A. Azmy; Ahmed R. Sofy; Akram A. Aboseidah; El-Shahat El-Morsi; Ahmed A. Hmed; Hodna A. Elmorshedy
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/5346mj3h
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/yeuw9mv5
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR236
Abstract :
The escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance
represents a formidable challenge to global public health,
necessitating urgent and innovative solutions. This review
delves into the multifaceted nature of antibiotic
resistance, emphasizing the pivotal role of biofilms and
the genetic mechanisms underpinning resistance in both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A significant
focus is placed on Staphylococcus aureus, particularly
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and its
mechanisms of resistance, including the SCCmec element
and the agr quorum sensing system. The review also
explores the alarming rise of resistance in Gram-negative
pathogens, such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae,
highlighting the perilous spread of extended-spectrum β-
lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. Amidst this
dire landscape, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs),
particularly melittin from bee venom (BV), emerge as
promising agents capable of breaching microbial
defenses, including those of dormant cells within biofilms,
thus offering a potential strategy to circumvent
traditional resistance mechanisms.
The review underscores the necessity of
understanding bacterial survival strategies, such as
biofilm formation and genetic adaptation, to develop
effective countermeasures against antibiotic-resistant
infections. Through a comprehensive analysis of current
challenges and potential solutions, this review calls for a
concerted effort to innovate and diversify our
antimicrobial arsenal, highlighting the critical role of
AMPs in the ongoing battle against multidrug-resistant
pathogens. This abstract encapsulates the document's
exploration of the complexities of antibiotic resistance, the
potential of AMPs like melittin, and the importance of
innovative strategies to combat this growing threat.
The escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance
represents a formidable challenge to global public health,
necessitating urgent and innovative solutions. This review
delves into the multifaceted nature of antibiotic
resistance, emphasizing the pivotal role of biofilms and
the genetic mechanisms underpinning resistance in both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A significant
focus is placed on Staphylococcus aureus, particularly
methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and its
mechanisms of resistance, including the SCCmec element
and the agr quorum sensing system. The review also
explores the alarming rise of resistance in Gram-negative
pathogens, such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae,
highlighting the perilous spread of extended-spectrum β-
lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. Amidst this
dire landscape, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs),
particularly melittin from bee venom (BV), emerge as
promising agents capable of breaching microbial
defenses, including those of dormant cells within biofilms,
thus offering a potential strategy to circumvent
traditional resistance mechanisms.
The review underscores the necessity of
understanding bacterial survival strategies, such as
biofilm formation and genetic adaptation, to develop
effective countermeasures against antibiotic-resistant
infections. Through a comprehensive analysis of current
challenges and potential solutions, this review calls for a
concerted effort to innovate and diversify our
antimicrobial arsenal, highlighting the critical role of
AMPs in the ongoing battle against multidrug-resistant
pathogens. This abstract encapsulates the document's
exploration of the complexities of antibiotic resistance, the
potential of AMPs like melittin, and the importance of
innovative strategies to combat this growing threat.
