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Beyond the Password: A Comparative Breakdown of Background and Behavioral Authentication in Mitigating Advanced Cyber Threats


Authors : Henry Peter Ovili; Daniel Ukpenusiowho; Nwachokor, Samuel Chukwuemeka; Emmanuel Ojei; Shela Ugbome; Oboro Enifome; Osakwe Godwin; Orove, Osu Joshua

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yhwa5pac

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/25yw6v2y

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun391

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Abstract : Outdated authentication prototypes, chiefly relying on inert credentials plus Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP), which remain increasingly predisposed to stylish cyber threats like Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), meeting hijacking and computerized repetition attacks. This paper grants a comparative examination of lively authentication prototypes, explicitly aiming on Contextual Authentication as well as Behavioral Biometrics. We examine the practical frameworks of real-time environmental factors comprising IP-based geolocation as well as device fingerprinting together with physiological-behavioral forms such as keystroke dynamics plus pointer telemetry. The study assesses the worth of these adaptive layers in recognizing anomalies that dodge conventional Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Still, critical implementation hurdles were addressed especially algorithmic bias, false rejection rates (FRR) as well as the privacy implications of unceasing monitoring. By combining present research, this review demonstrates exactly how flowing from "point-in-time" verification to "continuous, context-aware" validation generates a more robust security pose proficient of confirming both the identity of the handler and the legality of the admittance environment.

Keywords : Adaptive Authentication, Context-Aware Security, Behavioral Biometrics, Threat Mitigation, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Identity and Access Management (IAM).

References :

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Outdated authentication prototypes, chiefly relying on inert credentials plus Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP), which remain increasingly predisposed to stylish cyber threats like Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), meeting hijacking and computerized repetition attacks. This paper grants a comparative examination of lively authentication prototypes, explicitly aiming on Contextual Authentication as well as Behavioral Biometrics. We examine the practical frameworks of real-time environmental factors comprising IP-based geolocation as well as device fingerprinting together with physiological-behavioral forms such as keystroke dynamics plus pointer telemetry. The study assesses the worth of these adaptive layers in recognizing anomalies that dodge conventional Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Still, critical implementation hurdles were addressed especially algorithmic bias, false rejection rates (FRR) as well as the privacy implications of unceasing monitoring. By combining present research, this review demonstrates exactly how flowing from "point-in-time" verification to "continuous, context-aware" validation generates a more robust security pose proficient of confirming both the identity of the handler and the legality of the admittance environment.

Keywords : Adaptive Authentication, Context-Aware Security, Behavioral Biometrics, Threat Mitigation, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Identity and Access Management (IAM).

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - June - 2026

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