Authors :
ONUOHA Stanley Obialo; AJANI Emmanuel Kolawole; JENYO-ONI Adetola
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 5 - May
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/2k8at6xr
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/3vnrxbpr
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY1640
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
The need to optimize feed efficiency, feed
digestibility and improve metabolism, growth, and
reproductive performance of fish has necessitated the use
of phytogenic feed additives in aquaculture. A Study was
carried out to assess the Proximate and mineral
compositions of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa oleifera
leave extracts (AMOLE and EMOLE respectively)
according to standard procedures. Consequently, these
two extracts were used to formulate test diets containing
0.00/100g (control), 1.0g/100g, 2.0g/100g and 3.0g/100g
inclusion levels. H. bidorsalis samples (n=216;
800.00+150.00g; 37.50±1.5cm) were randomly distributed
in triplicate into 24 concrete tanks of size 6m x 4m x1.3m
in a completely randomized 2x4 factorial design and fed at
5% body weight twice daily for 16 weeks. The proximate
and mineral compositions of the diets was determined
while the carcass and the eggs nutrients compositions were
subsequently assessed. The proximate composition of the
eggs were significantly higher in crude protein contents
than the CP in the MOLE (34.14±0.05), AMOLE
(38.84±0.17) and EMOLE (38.44±0.07) diets and the
Carcass (37.46±0.28) with range (72.32±0.41 (control) -
78.78±0.58 % (3.0/100g)) while the ash (1.44±0.10 (3g/100g
- 2.41±0.10% (control)) and ether (2.88±0.09 (3.0/100g) -
3.25±0.9% (control) ) contents where significantly lower
than the highest contents of ash (20.01±0.27%) recorded in
fish fed 2.0/100g AMOLE diet and (7.94±0.05%) ether
recorded in the control diet. Aqueous extraction method
had the highest significant (P<0.05) retention of mineral
concentrations: Ca (21.04), P (14.89), Mg (16.40), Na
(23.33), K (65.57), Fe (10.67), Cu (6.48) and Zn (5.55)
compare to ethanolic extraction method: Ca (2.87), P
(12.65), Mg (7.65), Na (19.24), K (13.76), Fe (9.07), Cu
(2.40) and Zn (2.32). For the carcass, only Manganese,
Iron and Copper compositions were significant (P<0.05)
among all treatment groups and the control. These
findings have far reaching nutritional importance in the
healthcare system and will help to address undernutrition
in fish broodstock management in a cost effective manner.
Thus, the use of M. oleifera leaves extracts as phytogenic
feed additives and nutrients booster should be encouraged
and sustained towards sustainable aquaculture
development.
Keywords :
Proximate, Mineral, Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Moring oleifera Leave Extract.
References :
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The need to optimize feed efficiency, feed
digestibility and improve metabolism, growth, and
reproductive performance of fish has necessitated the use
of phytogenic feed additives in aquaculture. A Study was
carried out to assess the Proximate and mineral
compositions of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa oleifera
leave extracts (AMOLE and EMOLE respectively)
according to standard procedures. Consequently, these
two extracts were used to formulate test diets containing
0.00/100g (control), 1.0g/100g, 2.0g/100g and 3.0g/100g
inclusion levels. H. bidorsalis samples (n=216;
800.00+150.00g; 37.50±1.5cm) were randomly distributed
in triplicate into 24 concrete tanks of size 6m x 4m x1.3m
in a completely randomized 2x4 factorial design and fed at
5% body weight twice daily for 16 weeks. The proximate
and mineral compositions of the diets was determined
while the carcass and the eggs nutrients compositions were
subsequently assessed. The proximate composition of the
eggs were significantly higher in crude protein contents
than the CP in the MOLE (34.14±0.05), AMOLE
(38.84±0.17) and EMOLE (38.44±0.07) diets and the
Carcass (37.46±0.28) with range (72.32±0.41 (control) -
78.78±0.58 % (3.0/100g)) while the ash (1.44±0.10 (3g/100g
- 2.41±0.10% (control)) and ether (2.88±0.09 (3.0/100g) -
3.25±0.9% (control) ) contents where significantly lower
than the highest contents of ash (20.01±0.27%) recorded in
fish fed 2.0/100g AMOLE diet and (7.94±0.05%) ether
recorded in the control diet. Aqueous extraction method
had the highest significant (P<0.05) retention of mineral
concentrations: Ca (21.04), P (14.89), Mg (16.40), Na
(23.33), K (65.57), Fe (10.67), Cu (6.48) and Zn (5.55)
compare to ethanolic extraction method: Ca (2.87), P
(12.65), Mg (7.65), Na (19.24), K (13.76), Fe (9.07), Cu
(2.40) and Zn (2.32). For the carcass, only Manganese,
Iron and Copper compositions were significant (P<0.05)
among all treatment groups and the control. These
findings have far reaching nutritional importance in the
healthcare system and will help to address undernutrition
in fish broodstock management in a cost effective manner.
Thus, the use of M. oleifera leaves extracts as phytogenic
feed additives and nutrients booster should be encouraged
and sustained towards sustainable aquaculture
development.
Keywords :
Proximate, Mineral, Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Moring oleifera Leave Extract.