Authors :
Dr. Alex Vinod Kadavan; Dr. Amrita Rajagopal; Dr. Arun Murugan; Dr. Kavitha
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/mr8wdcnz
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/5kke2p98
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May1845
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Background:
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with diabetes mellitus and hypertension significantly
increasing the risk. Awareness regarding stroke symptoms, risk factors, and preventive practices remains essential for early
intervention and better outcomes.
Aim:
To assess the risk of stroke among diabetic and hypertensive patients attending NCD clinics in a tertiary care hospital
using a standardized risk assessment tool.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and hypertension attending
NCD clinics using pre tested semistructured questionnaire and stroke risk assessment tool (Stroke riskometer app).
Keywords :
Stroke, Stroke Awareness, Stroke Risk, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Preventive Behaviour, NCD Clinics, Stroke Prevention, Stroke Riskometer, Cerebrovascular Accident.
References :
- World Health Organization. Cerebrovascular diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
- Donkor ES. Stroke in the 21st century: a snapshot of the burden, epidemiology, and quality of life. Stroke Res Treat. 2018;2018:3238165.
- Campbell BCV, Khatri P. Stroke. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):129-42.
- Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W, et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(1):18-29.
- GBD 2021 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021. Lancet Neurol. 2023;22(8):627-47.
- Johnson CO, Nguyen M, Roth GA, Nichols E, Alam T, Abate D, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990–2021. Neurology. 2022;98(20):e2013-25.
- World Health Organization. Global health estimates 2021: disease burden by cause, age, sex, by country and region. Geneva: WHO; 2022.
- Kamalakannan S, Gudlavalleti ASV, Gudlavalleti VSM, Goenka S, Kuper H. Incidence and prevalence of stroke in India: a systematic review. Indian J Med Res. 2017;146(2):175-85.
- Pandian JD, Sudhan P. Stroke epidemiology and stroke care services in India. J Stroke. 2013;15(3):128-34.
- O'Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, et al. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet. 2016;388(10046):761-75.
- Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13-115.
- Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(9):829-41.
- Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ôunpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52.
- Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, Caplan LR, Connors JJ, Culebras A, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. Stroke. 2013;44(7):2064-89.
- Saver JL. Time is brain—quantified. Stroke. 2006;37(1):263-6.
- American Stroke Association. Stroke warning signs and symptoms [Internet]. Dallas: American Stroke Association; 2021 [cited 2026 May 24]. Available from: https://www.stroke.org
- Jones SP, Jenkinson AJ, Leathley MJ, Watkins CL. Stroke knowledge and awareness: an integrative review of the evidence. Stroke. 2010;41(10):e547-52.
- Kothari R, Sauerbeck L, Jauch E, Broderick J, Brott T, Khoury J, et al. Patients’ awareness of stroke signs, symptoms, and risk factors. Stroke. 1997;28(10):1871-5.
- Towfighi A, Ovbiagele B. Preventing stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus. Stroke. 2009;40(7):e227-9.
- Das S, Banerjee TK. Stroke awareness among the general population: an Indian perspective. Neurol India. 2008;56(1):48-52.
- Lecouturier J, Rodgers H, Murtagh MJ, White M, Ford GA, Thomson RG. Systematic review of mass media interventions designed to improve public recognition of stroke symptoms, emergency response, and early treatment. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:784.
- Parmar P, Krishnamurthi R, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Smeeton NC, Feigin VL. The Stroke Riskometer™ app: validation of a data collection tool and stroke risk predictor. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2015;3(2):e51.
- World Stroke Organization. Global stroke prevention guidelines and recommendations. Geneva: World Stroke Organization; 2022.
- Dirnagl U, Iadecola C, Moskowitz MA. Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. 1999;22(9):391-7.
- Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. Stroke. 1993;24(1):35-41.
- Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;420(6917):868-74.
- Iadecola C, Anrather J. The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat Med. 2011;17(7):796-808.
- Lo EH, Dalkara T, Moskowitz MA. Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003;4(5):399-415.
- Astrup J, Siesjö BK, Symon L. Thresholds in cerebral ischemia: the ischemic penumbra. Stroke. 1981;12(6):723-5.
- Qureshi AI, Tuhrim S, Broderick JP, Batjer HH, Hondo H, Hanley DF. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(19):1450-60.
- Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, Hernandez-Guillamon M, Pruzin J, Sperling R, van Veluw SJ. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer disease—one peptide, two pathways. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16(1):30-42.
- Fisher CM. Pathological observations in hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1971;30(3):536-50.
- Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Intracerebral haemorrhage: mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(8):720-31.
- Kidwell CS, Saver JL. Hemorrhagic transformation of acute ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2002;59(5):669-74.
- Hankey GJ. Stroke. Lancet. 2017;389(10069):641-54.
Background:
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with diabetes mellitus and hypertension significantly
increasing the risk. Awareness regarding stroke symptoms, risk factors, and preventive practices remains essential for early
intervention and better outcomes.
Aim:
To assess the risk of stroke among diabetic and hypertensive patients attending NCD clinics in a tertiary care hospital
using a standardized risk assessment tool.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and hypertension attending
NCD clinics using pre tested semistructured questionnaire and stroke risk assessment tool (Stroke riskometer app).
Keywords :
Stroke, Stroke Awareness, Stroke Risk, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Preventive Behaviour, NCD Clinics, Stroke Prevention, Stroke Riskometer, Cerebrovascular Accident.