Authors :
J. S Ibrahim; H.M Adamu; O.I Shakede
Volume/Issue :
Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August
Google Scholar :
http://bitly.ws/9nMw
Scribd :
https://bit.ly/3i1bGiT
DOI :
10.38124/IJISRT20AUG668
Abstract :
Over the last decade, the use of hand
sanitizers has increased substantially. Recently, with
this outbreak of COVID 19 virus, all natural hand
sanitizers have taken the spotlight for their simplicity,
powerful cleaning abilities, natural moisturizing
formulas and the ability to never leave the skin feeling
dry. Marula [Sclerocarya birrea] seed oil was soxhlet
extracted with n-hexane and then brominated. The oil
quality parameters of marula oil (MO) and brominated
Marula oil (BMO) were found to be; for MO: oil
content (58.5 ± 0.435 %), moisture content (4.3 ± 0.158
%), saponification value (180 ± 0.7150 mgKOH/g ),
peroxide value (10.52 ± 0.006 meq/kg), acid value (3.48
±0.002) meq/kg ), FFA (1.73 ± 0.000 % as oleic),iodine
value (61.02 ± 0.477 gI2/100g ). For brominated marula
oil (BMO) ; saponification value ( 168.7 ± 0.930
mgKOH/g ), iodine value ( 8.6 ± 0.490 gI2/100g ),
peroxide value (10.63 ± 0.505 meq/kg ), acid value ( 3.42
± 0.000 meq/kg ), FFA (1.61 ± 0.000 % as oleic). Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to
confirm the bromination process. The following peaks
of absorptions were observed for BMO: C–Br at 600
cm-1
, C–H stretch, (2950 to 2850 cm-1 for alkane),
1750cm-1
for carbonyl stretch, 1450 cm-1
for ester, 1680
cm-1
for alkene. The BMO showed a broad spectrum
activity against E. coli, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus
aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis microorganism
which gave the inhibitions zones of 19.50 mm, 20.50
mm, 19.00 mm, 18.60 mm respectively. DMSO was used
as the negative control while streptomycin as the
positive control at 400 mg/ml concentration. Based on
these findings, BMO may be use as disinfecting oils or
hand sanitizers and will discourage its use as food
additive.
Keywords :
Brominated Marula oil, Infrared spectroscopy, Microorganism, and Inhibition zone.
Over the last decade, the use of hand
sanitizers has increased substantially. Recently, with
this outbreak of COVID 19 virus, all natural hand
sanitizers have taken the spotlight for their simplicity,
powerful cleaning abilities, natural moisturizing
formulas and the ability to never leave the skin feeling
dry. Marula [Sclerocarya birrea] seed oil was soxhlet
extracted with n-hexane and then brominated. The oil
quality parameters of marula oil (MO) and brominated
Marula oil (BMO) were found to be; for MO: oil
content (58.5 ± 0.435 %), moisture content (4.3 ± 0.158
%), saponification value (180 ± 0.7150 mgKOH/g ),
peroxide value (10.52 ± 0.006 meq/kg), acid value (3.48
±0.002) meq/kg ), FFA (1.73 ± 0.000 % as oleic),iodine
value (61.02 ± 0.477 gI2/100g ). For brominated marula
oil (BMO) ; saponification value ( 168.7 ± 0.930
mgKOH/g ), iodine value ( 8.6 ± 0.490 gI2/100g ),
peroxide value (10.63 ± 0.505 meq/kg ), acid value ( 3.42
± 0.000 meq/kg ), FFA (1.61 ± 0.000 % as oleic). Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to
confirm the bromination process. The following peaks
of absorptions were observed for BMO: C–Br at 600
cm-1
, C–H stretch, (2950 to 2850 cm-1 for alkane),
1750cm-1
for carbonyl stretch, 1450 cm-1
for ester, 1680
cm-1
for alkene. The BMO showed a broad spectrum
activity against E. coli, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus
aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis microorganism
which gave the inhibitions zones of 19.50 mm, 20.50
mm, 19.00 mm, 18.60 mm respectively. DMSO was used
as the negative control while streptomycin as the
positive control at 400 mg/ml concentration. Based on
these findings, BMO may be use as disinfecting oils or
hand sanitizers and will discourage its use as food
additive.
Keywords :
Brominated Marula oil, Infrared spectroscopy, Microorganism, and Inhibition zone.
